Chapter 6 Flashcards
(41 cards)
methods for changing health behaviours
4 methods & examples
providing information
- educational appeals
- message framing
- fear appeals
Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
- CBT
- relapse prevention
Motivational interviewing
- Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS)
Social Engineering
- Regulation/Prohibition
- Decriminalization & Harm Reduction
- insite
Providing Information
definition and 3 ways
= Way that health information is delivered can play important role in whether or not its effective
- Educational appeal
- message framing
- fear appeal
Educational Appeals
- provide general information
- Assuming that individuals will be motivated to improve health behaviour if they have the correct information
- Dependent on How the ad is being presented
Message Framing
2 ways, what its best used for & examples
When information is either framed to emphasise benefit or cost associated with behaviour/decision
Gain-framed messages
- best for motivating behaviours that serve to prevent/recover from illness/injury
- if you exercise, you will become more fit and less likely to develop heart disease
Loss frame messages
- best for behaviours that occure infrequenly & serve to detect a health problem early
- if you dont get your blood pressure checked you could increase your chances of having a heart attack/stroke, and you wont know that your blood pressure is good
Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
definition & 2 ways
Behavioural: → helping people manage process & consequences of a behaviour
Cognitive: → changing people’s thought processes
2ways:
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Relapse prevention
Fear appeals
definition and when does it work
= Message framing that assumes instilling fear will lead to change
Works when:
- Emphasise consequences.
- Include personal testimonials.
- Provide specific instructions.
- Boost self-efficacy before urging them to change.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
What it does adn its goal
- promotes self-observation and self-monitoring to increase awareness and control of negative thoughts and harmful behaviours
- Regulation of thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and behaviours through personal coping strategies
CBT in alcohol
- Identify the unrealistic thoughts contributing to the problem behaviour: → “ My friends thinks im boring when i’m sober”
- Identify triggers: → social situations
- Engage in helpful thoughts: → “ my friends like me for my personality”
relapse prevention
3 steps
- Learn to identify high-risk situations
- Acquire competent and specific coping skills
- Practise effective coping skills in high-risk situations
Relapse
defintion
= falling back to original pattern, common during changes to long term habits
Abstinence-Violation Effect
experiencing a lapse can destroy one’s confidence in remaining abstinent and precipitate a full relapse
What are the high risk situations for relapse
2 situations & examples
Intrapersonal High Risk Situations:
- Negative emotional states (e.g., anger, depression, boredom).
- Positive emotional states (e.g., celebrations).
- Exposure to alcohol-related stimuli or cues (e.g., advertisements).
- Non-specific cravings.
Interpersonal high risk situations:
- Situations involving other people, especially interpersonal conflict.
- Social pressure, both direct and indirect.
- Exposure to settings and situations that are cues (e.g., passing bar)
Motivational interviewing:
what it is & purpose. 2 key features
- 1:1 counselling. Helps to explore & resolve their ambivalence in changing a behaviour
- Follows a transtheoretical model of behaviour change in combination with CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy) methods
key features:
- Decisional balance
- persoanlized feedback
What are the 2 key features of motivational interviewing & its definition
Decisional Balance: → Clients list reasons for and against changing behaviour; used for points of discussion.
Personalised Feedback→ Clients receive information on their pattern of problem behaviour, comparisons with norms, and risk factors/consequences of behaviour.
Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS)
what it is & what it consists of
- harm reduction approach, aplying the principles of motivational interviewing
- Assessing risk of problem behaviours, obtaining commitment to monitor drinking between interviews.
- Providing personalized feedback, including comparison to norms, risks, and advice on how to drink safely.
Stragetgies for BASICS
Slowing down, spacing drinks; Different types of drinks; Drink for quality vs. quantity; Enjoy mild effects of alcohol.
Social engineering
definition & examples
= changing the social environment to better support healthy behaviours
Ex:
- Regulation/Prohibition of Drugs
- decriminalization & Harm Reduction
- Insite
Regulation/Prohibition of Drugs
- traditional approach
- produces discrimination and othering
Harm Reduction/decriminalisation
defintion & what it does
= reduce the negative consequences of substance/drug use; and to treat people who use drugs with respect and dignity
- Reduces social stigma & better motivate individuals to be healthy and contributing members of society
Insite
*an example of decriminalisation
= safe substance use site
- reductions in public injecting and syringe sharing; increases in the use of detox services and addiction treatment; significant drop in overdose deaths and new cases of HIV infection
Addiction
= repeated consumption of substance in which a person becomes physically & psychologically dependent on that substance
Dependence
2 types
Physical dependence:
- Body has adjusted and incorporated the substance into the normal functioning of the body itself
Psychological dependence:
- Feeling of wanting to use the substance for the effect that it produces. Doesn’t have to be physically dependent on it
Problem drinking
binge drinking—that is, consuming five or more drinks on a single occasion at least once in a 30-day period. Using this definition, approximately 19% of Canadians
alcohol use disorder
definition & 2 main occurances associated
drink heavily on a regular basis and suffer social and occupational impairments from it.
Tolerance
- Diminished effect overtime
Need for greater amount to achieve same effect
Withdrawal:
- Severe symptoms when the use stops → nausea, sweats, insomnia…
