chapter 6

Question 1

what is genetics

Answer 1

study of function and transfer of genes

Question 2

the importance of genetics

Answer 2

1. tool for understanding how bacteria cells function
2. evolution of species
3. advancement in agriculture and medicine
4. understanding diseases
5. information on antibiotic resistance

Question 3

Bacteria do not have a nucleus which means you would find the floating where?

Answer 3

all the genetic materials are free floating in the cytoplasm called a nucleoid.

Question 4

what is a genome

Answer 4

All genetic information within a cell

Question 5

what does genomes contain?

Answer 5

contains chromosomes

Question 6

E.coli has how many chromones with what genes

Answer 6

1 chromosome and 4288 genes.

Question 7

humans have how many chromones and how many genes

Answer 7

46 chromosomes and 25000 genes.

Question 8

chromosomes

Answer 8

contains genes

Question 9

gene

Answer 9

contain segments of DNA

Question 10

3 types of genes

Answer 10

1. Structural genes: CODE FOR PROTEINS
2. Regulatory genes: controls gene expression
3. Genes that code for RNA.

Question 11

DNA is what

Answer 11

A type of Nucleic acid

Question 12

Summary of levels of genome

Answer 12

Genome, Chromosomes, DNA, nucleic acid, nucleoid

Question 13

Genetic code is what

Answer 13

a set of rules that determine how a nucleoid sequence is converted into a protein

Question 14

genotype

Answer 14

genetic makeup which they got from their parents. only protentional characteristics, pigmentation for example Serratia could turn red.

Question 15

phenotype

Answer 15

expression of genotype, actual observable characteristic for example Serratia would be red .

Question 16

What does DNA stand for

Answer 16

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 17

DNA Is an example of what

Answer 17

Nucleic acid

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

the building blocks/monomer of nucleic acids are nucleotides

Question 19

Nucleotides are composed of what 3 things

Answer 19

• Phosphate
• 5( pentose carbon sugar)
• nitrogen base

Question 20

what nitrogen bases are in DNA

Answer 20

A- adenine, G- guanine, T- thymine, C- cytosine

Question 21

nitrogen bases have complementary pairs what are they

Answer 21

A-T AND C-G

Question 22

Nitrogen bases are attached by what

Answer 22

hydrogen bonds

Question 23

2 strands of DNA are what

Answer 23

antiparallel

Question 24

5’ end contains a what group that cant have nucleotides

Answer 24

phosphate

Question 25

3' end contains a what and can have a nucleotides added

Answer 25

OH

Question 26

new DNA strand is always synthesized in the what direction

Answer 26

5' to 3' direction

Question 27

DNA has how many strands the sugar and bases

Answer 27

double stranded, deoxyribose sugar and thymine bases

Question 28

RNA has how many strands, the sugar and bases

Answer 28

single stranded, ribose and uracil as the base

Question 29

what is DNA Replication

Answer 29

making more DNA a process which cells copies its genome before it divides.

Question 30

Semiconservative replcaition

Answer 30

half of the strand is new and half is the original parent strand

Question 31

Helicase

Answer 31

enzymes that unwinds double helix

Question 32

replication fork

Answer 32

where replication begins

Question 33

DNA polymerase

Answer 33

enzyme that synthesize DNA and proofreads

Question 34

RNA primers

Answer 34

prepares the strands for new nucleotides

Question 35

leading strand

Answer 35

strand made continuously (5' to 3')

Question 36

lagging strand

Answer 36

strand made discontinuously

Question 37

Okazaki fragments

Answer 37

fragments of DNA on the lagging strand

Question 38

DNA ligase

Answer 38

enzymes that joins the Okazaki fragments together

Question 39

Know this the steps in DNA replication

Answer 39

1. DNA double helix is unwound helicase 2. replication fork 3. leading strand is 3' to 5' but the new strand is 5'to 3' 4. lagging strand is RNA primers 5. Okazaki fragments 6. DNA ligase 7. DNA polymerase

Question 40

what's trancription

Answer 40

The genetic process of making RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template

Question 41

central Dogma

Answer 41

flow of genetic information