CHAPTER 6

Question 1

It is a combination of both the visibility and the sharpness of recorded detail

Answer 1

Radiographic quality

Question 2

Combine to make up the overall or radiographic contrast

Answer 2

Detector contrast

Question 3

Due to the patient and the film

Answer 3

SUBJECT CONTRAST

Question 4

Often called image density or simply density which describes the degree of darkness or blackening of the x-ray image

Answer 4

OD (optical density)

Question 5

It is the logarithm of the ratio of the incident light intensity on the film the intensity transmitted through the film

Answer 5

Optical density

Question 6

The OD of the film is equal to ______

Answer 6

2

Question 7

OD is measured using an ___________

Answer 7

Optical densitometer

Question 8

Images in diagnostic radiology have ODs that range from ___________

Answer 8

0.2-3.0

Question 9

The most useful information of ODs range at

Answer 9

0.5 to 1.5

Question 10

Technical factors which affects density

Answer 10

Controlling (primary)
Influencing

Question 11

When a change is necessary to the overall density of an image, the ___________ and ___________ should be change before any other changes is made

Answer 11

Controlling/primary factor. And mAs

Question 12

Is the controlling or primary technical factor used to control image density?

Answer 12

mAs

Question 13

mAs is defined as the product of ___________ and ___________

Answer 13

mA and Exposure time

Question 14

The ___________ controls the number of x-ray protons in the beam or the quantity of x-rays

Answer 14

mA

Question 15

It controls the duration of the exposure

Answer 15

Exposure time

Question 16

What is the factor of when it is necessary to control the amount of density on an image

Answer 16

mAs

Question 17

To create visible , increase in density the mAs must be increased by at least

Answer 17

30%

Question 18

It controls the energy of the x-ray photons, and when it is increased, the quality of the beam is increased and x-ray photons are able to penetrate the tissue of interest

Answer 18

Kilovoltage

Question 19

It is a general rule states that a 15% in increase in KVP will equate to doubling the MAS on the image and 15% decrease will halve the MAS on the image.

Answer 19

15% rule

Question 20

The intensity of the x-ray photons striking the film depends on the ________

Answer 20

Source-to-image receptor distance (SID)

Question 21

It is the distance between the image receptor and the focal spot or x-ray photon source

Answer 21

SID

Question 22

Increasing the SID decreased the number of x-ray photon, striking the film, and this is a result of the ________

Answer 22

Inverse square law

Question 23

Doubling the SID, DECREASES the intensity to ________ of the original intensity

Answer 23

1/4

Question 24

Reducing the SID to one half, INCREASES the intensity to ________ the original value

Answer 24

4 times out of

Question 25

This formula is similar to inverse square law, but is reversed to a direct square law because as already stated, the MAS must increase when the distance is increased or vice versa to maintain the image density

Answer 25

Exposure maintenance formula or density maintenance formula

Question 26

It changes the beam by removing soft x-ray photons and hardening the beam which decreases the image density

Answer 26

Filtration

Question 27

Restricting the beam size by using collimation reduces the total number of photons available, which reduces the amount of scatter radiation, reaching the image receptor

Answer 27

Beam restriction

Question 28

The use of this changes the atomic number of the tissue and affects the image density

Answer 28

Contrast media

Question 29

As tissue thickness, atomic number and tissue density INCREASE, the image density

Answer 29

Decreases

Question 30

It absorbs Scott there before it can reach the film and deposit unwanted density on the image

Answer 30

Grids

Question 31

The type of emit receptor, whether FILM or INTENSIFYING SCREEN used to produce an image will alter the ________

Answer 31

Image density

Question 32

It is a decrease in primary beam on the Cathode side of the tube more intense in comparison

Answer 32

Anode heel effect

Question 33

The anode heel effect is more visible in radiographs that use a ________

Answer 33

short SID and LARGE xray filed size

Question 34

The visibility of the anode heel effect on a radiographic image depends on the

Answer 34

SID used x-ray beam field size An atomic area of interest

Question 35

It states that the density produced on the radio graph will be equal for any combination of milliamperage and exposure time, as long as the product of MAS is equal

Answer 35

Reciprocity law

Question 36

This law holds true for direct exposure radiography

Answer 36

Reciprocity law

Question 37

It times to bloom, more higher milliamperages and may occasionally reach a point where they alter the image receptor exposure

Answer 37

Large focal spot

Question 38

This adjusts the exposure time to produce acceptable image densities.

Answer 38

Automatic exposure control (AEC)

Question 39

This measures the amount of exit radiation striking the image receptor and terminates the exposure when the proper number of x-ray photons has reached the film to provide OPTIMAL DENSITY.

Answer 39

Automatic exposure control AEC

Question 40

This are used as AEC detectors

Answer 40

Ion Chambers Scintillation detectors Solid – state detectors

Question 41

When an AEC circuit is operating changing the KVP will change the image contrast but notthe

Answer 41

Image density

Question 42

Is this designed to prevent catastrophic tube damage by terminating exposure after a maximum time if AEC fails

Answer 42

Backup timer

Question 43

It is always set in case something goes wrong with AEC circuit

Answer 43

Backup timer

Question 44

A typical back up timer setting is approximately at

Answer 44

5000 ms

Question 45

This changes the exposure time to maintain the same density following changes in MA kVp or distance

Answer 45

AEC circuit