Chapter 6

Question 1

Integumentary system=

Answer 1

cutaneous membrane (epidermis and dermis) + accessory structures (hair follicles, nails, exocrine glands)

Question 2

Major functions of the skin

Answer 2

1. Resistance to trauma and infection – keratin, desmosomes
2. Other barrier functions - water, UV, chemicals
3. Vitamin D synthesis
4. Sensation
5. Thermoregulation
6. Nonverbal communication

Question 3

Sensation is associated with..

Answer 3

sensory neurons whose endings (dendrites) function as receptors

Question 4

Sensation is associated with..

Answer 4

sensory neurons whose endings (dendrites) function as receptors

Question 5

Melanintypes

Answer 5

Eumelaninand phaeomelanin

Question 6

Melanocytes produce melanin in

Answer 6

Melanosomes

Question 7

Melanocytes produce melanin in

Answer 7

Melanosomes

Question 8

Melanosomones are then transferred to

Answer 8

Keratinocytes

Question 9

Skin color can be influenced by factors other than melanin

Answer 9

1. Pigment molecules: melanin (phaeomelanin and eumelanin), carotene
2. Blood flow (more = redness, less = pallor, appearing “pale”)
3. Oxygenation of blood (too little = cyanosis)
4. Environment (for e.g., sun exposure and tanning)
5. Other: for e.g. bruising (red/purple/yellow/green), liver issues (yellowish, jaundice), dark hyperpigmentation caused by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose, inflammation (associated with redness)

Question 10

A hair (pilus) is produced by a

Answer 10

Hair follicle

Question 11

A hair (pilus) is produced by a

Answer 11

Hair follicle

Question 12

Functions of hair:

Answer 12

1. Provide sensation – bending of hairs stimulate root hair plexus (hair receptor)
2. Enhance facial expression (eyebrows)
3. Protection • Insects
   • Foreign particles
   • UV light, trauma, heat loss (head only)

Question 13

_______ are exocrine glands that produce _____ and release it by halocrine secretion

Answer 13

Sebaceous glands, sebum

Question 14

_______ are exocrine glands that produce _____ and release it by halocrine secretion

Answer 14

Sebaceous glands, sebum

Question 15

Sebum =

Answer 15

Mix triglycerides, cholesterol, proteins, Electrolytes

Question 16

Functions of sebum =

Answer 16

1. Inhibits growth bacteria
2. Lubricate and protects hair shaft
3. Conditions the skin

Question 17

Functions of sebum =

Answer 17

1. Inhibits growth bacteria
2. Lubricate and protects hair shaft
3. Conditions the skin

Question 18

What raises hairs and push sebum towards the lumen of the hair follicle/surface of the skin?

Answer 18

Arrector pili muscles

Question 19

Secretion =

Answer 19

Sweat + fatty substances + proteins; viscous, milky or yellowish

Question 20

Functions of eccrine sweat glands

Answer 20

1. Thermoregulation
2. Excretion
3. Protection from environmental hazards

Question 21

What is produced by mammary glands?

Answer 21

Produce milk

Question 22

Ceruminous glands

Answer 22

Produce a secretion that mixes with sebum to form cerumen (earwax)

Question 23

What does cerumen do?

Answer 23

1. Prevents foreign particles from reaching the eardrum
2. Keeps eardrum pliable and waterproofs ear canal