chapter 6 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is the definition of energy?
Energy is the capacity to do work or cause change.
What are the two types of energy?
Potential energy and kinetic energy.
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
The total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
How are the organization and structure of living organisms related to heat and entropy?
Living organisms maintain order and structure, which is a state of low entropy, by expending energy.
What does the ATP cycle involve?
Both endergonic and exergonic reactions.
How is energy stored in a molecule of ATP?
Energy is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds.
How do cells use ATP?
Cells use ATP to drive energetically unfavorable reactions.
What is the purpose of a metabolic pathway?
To convert a substrate into a product through a series of enzymatically catalyzed steps.
How do enzymes help regulate metabolic pathways?
Enzymes lower the activation energy and increase the rate of reactions.
What factors affect an enzyme’s rate of reaction?
Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration.
What do the reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration represent?
Oxidation-reduction reactions.
What is the relationship between the metabolic reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, while cellular respiration converts chemical energy into usable energy.
