Chapter 6 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Why is sodium chloride (NaCl) important?
Sodium chloride is an ionic compound made of Na+ and Cl- ions, essential for regulating body fluids, but excessive intake can lead to high blood pressure.
What are the health effects of high sodium intake?
High sodium intake leads to high fluid retention, increased blood volume, and high blood pressure.
What is the FDA’s recommended sodium intake?
Less than 2.3 grams (2300 milligrams) per day.
How is the mass of sodium different from the mass of sodium chloride consumed?
The mass of sodium we eat is not the same as the mass of sodium chloride because NaCl also contains chlorine.
What is an example of an ore and its metal?
Magnetite (Fe3O4) is an ore of iron (Fe).
What is Freon-12 (CCl2F2) and its impact?
Freon-12 is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) that depletes the ozone layer.
How does mass affect the number of atoms in an element?
More mass = more atoms, less mass = fewer atoms. Example: 24.02 g carbon has more atoms than 12.01 g carbon.
How does mass affect the number of molecules in a compound?
More mass = more molecules, less mass = fewer molecules. Example: 36.04 g H2O has more molecules than 18.02 g H2O.
Which element has more atomic mass: Carbon (C) or Sodium (Na)?
Sodium (Na) has more atomic mass (22.99 amu) than Carbon (12.01 amu).
How does atomic mass affect the number of atoms in a given mass?
For the same mass, the element with a lower atomic mass has more atoms. Example: 10 g of carbon has more atoms than 10 g of sodium.
Why are atoms too small to count individually?
They are extremely numerous. Example: It would take ~3 billion years for a person to count the atoms in a grain of sand (~3 × 10¹⁸ atoms).
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.022 × 10²³, representing the number of atoms, molecules, or formula units in one mole.
What is the definition of an atomic mass unit (amu)?
One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
How do you determine the molar mass of an element?
Use the periodic table. Example: 1 mole of Cu atoms has a mass of 63.55 g.
How do you convert atoms to moles?
Divide by Avogadro’s number. Example: 1.1 × 10²² Ag atoms = 1.8 × 10⁻² moles Ag.
How do you convert moles to atoms?
Multiply by Avogadro’s number. Example: 3.5 moles He = 2.1 × 10²⁴ He atoms.
How does atomic mass affect the mass of one mole?
Lighter atoms have less mass per mole. Example: 1 mole of hydrogen weighs less than 1 mole of oxygen.
What is molar mass?
The mass of 1 mole of molecules or formula units in g/mol. Example: Molar mass of NO₂ = 46.01 g/mol.
How do you convert grams to moles for an element?
Divide by molar mass. Example: 0.58 g carbon → 4.8 × 10⁻² moles C.
How do you convert grams to moles for a compound?
Divide by molar mass. Example: 1.75 moles H₂O = 31.5 g H₂O.
How do you convert grams to atoms?
Use Avogadro’s number. Example: 16.2 g Al contains 3.62 × 10²³ Al atoms.
How do you find the number of moles of an element in a compound?
Multiply by the number of atoms in the formula. Example: 12 mol CCl₄ contains 48 mol Cl.
