Chapter 6

Question 1

Why did some European countries challenge Spain’s monopoly in the New World?

Answer 1

Because they wanted a share of the wealth in America and land

Question 2

What are the three main countries that challenged Spain’s control?

Answer 2

Britain, France and Netherlands

Question 3

Why did the European countries want land?

Answer 3

Wealth, to expand trading routes, to establish bases for security and expansion, to use the colonies to overcome widespread unemployments in their European homes and to reduce the trend of criminals using the Caribbean as a hideout.

Question 4

What strategies did the European countries use to dilute Spanish control in the West Indies?

Answer 4

Effective Occupation, Smuggling, Raids, War, Treaties, Pirates, Privateering and Buccaneering

Question 5

What is the difference between Pirates, privateers and buccaneers?

Answer 5

Pirates were rougue ships that invaded Spanish colonies who did not have any allegiance to any countries, privateers were attached to a European nation and buccaneers targeted land beasts

Question 6

When did Privateeting and Smuggling occur?

Answer 6

1500-1540

Question 7

When did the Raids against Spanish shipping and settlement occur?

Answer 7

1540-1640

Question 8

When did international rivalry and effective Occupation occur?

Answer 8

1640-1763

Question 9

Why did people want to be pirates?

Answer 9

It was an easy way to get rich fast

Question 10

What is the difference between pirates and sailors?

Answer 10

Pirates were more free and had more rights than sailors.

Question 11

How were the captain and quarter master chosen on a pirate ship?

Answer 11

They were elected by the crew

Question 12

What was a pirate code?

Answer 12

The rules governing the pirate’s conduct.

Question 13

What was part of pirate codes?

Answer 13

Fighting bravely and keeping weapons in good condition.

Question 14

What were ways in which pirates were punished for disobeying rules?

Answer 14

They were left on islands, flogged, have their rations decreased or their share of treasure drawn and they could be put to death

Question 15

What were some of the worst crimes a pirate could commit?

Answer 15

Stealing from shipmates, running away from a fight and abandoning the ship.

Question 16

What were two staple foods on a pirate ship?

Answer 16

Salted pork, hard tack ( a long lasting biscuit )

Question 17

What would they stock the ship with for food?

Answer 17

Chickens for eggs and meat

Question 19

What would the pirates do when they ran out of meat

Answer 19

Make soup using bones

Question 20

What foods did the pirates get from the sea?

Answer 20

Fish, turtles and dolphins

Question 21

Why were rats a problem on ships?

Answer 21

They ate the food stores, chewed ropes and carried diseases

Question 22

What shows that the pirates were democratic?

Answer 22

All the pirates had to agree on how affairs were conducted and disagreements and elections of captain were settled by a vote

Question 23

Who was John Hawkins?

Answer 23

He was a famous British sailor and as a privateer he was the first English man to deal in the slave trade between West Africa and the Caribbean

Question 24

Why did John Hawkin become a part of the slave trade?

Answer 24

While he was on Grand Canary Island, he heard people talking about how black people were useful and because the Spanish wanted slaves

Question 26

What happened when Hawkin tried to capture Africans himself?

Answer 26

His men were severely beaten

Question 27

Which ruler helped Hawkins?

Answer 27

Queen Elizabeth I

Question 28

When was Hawkins born?

Answer 28

1532

Question 29

How did Hawkins benefit from his father?

Answer 29

His father was part of King Henry VIII royal court

Question 30

Who taught Hawkin sailing

Answer 30

His father, William

Question 31

What group was Hawkins part of?

Answer 31

The sea dogs

Question 32

What did the sea dogs do?

Answer 32

They attacked Spanish ships and dominated trade passages

Question 33

What did Queen Elizabeth I gift Hawkins for his successful 3 slave expeditions?

Answer 33

She gifted him a crest with a bound slave on it

Question 34

What did Hawkins contribute to?

Answer 34

He contributed to English trade in enslaved Africans and the building of ships that were faster over long distances and come back ready

Question 35

What was Hawkins appointed as and what did he do?

Answer 35

Rear Admiral; led an attack against Spanish armada

Question 37

What was Hawkins final mission?

Answer 37

To save his son, Richard, who was captured by the Spanish in the South Atlantic in 1593. He sailed with 27 ships

Question 38

Why did Hawkins final mission fail and what happened to his son?

Answer 38

Bad weather and disagreements; his son was ransomed for 3,000 pounds Sterling and released in 1602

Question 39

When and where did Hawkins die?

Answer 39

He died in 1595, near Puerto Rico

Question 40

What happened in 1536?

Answer 40

French huguenots established a settlement on the south coast of Florida where they sailed out and raided the Spanish. King Philip II learned about this and sent Pedro Menéndez to conquer the French settlement and strengthen their forts and convoy system.

Question 41

When did Hawkins 3rd voyage begin and what did it comprise of?

Answer 41

1567; It was made up of 6 ships with 400 men in total. The flagship, Jesus of Lubeck was given by Queen Elizabeth I

Question 42

What happened on Hawkins way back to Europe from the 3rd voyage?

Answer 42

Bad weather damaged his ships and caused him to take shelter in a Spanish port called San Juan de Ulna. The following day, the Spanish King's fleet arrived at the Port with the new viceroy aboard. The Spanish killed and captured most of the Englishmen and Jesus of Lubeck and 3 other ships were destroyed. Only Hawkins and a few others escaped.

Question 43

Who was Francis Drake?

Answer 43

He was Hawkins cousin and an English soldier, explorer and captain

Question 44

What was Sir Francis Drake selected to do in 1585 and why was he selected to do this?

Answer 44

He was sent to attack Spanish settlements in America; because of his successful raid of Panama.

Question 45

What did Sir Francis Drake do in America?

Answer 45

He sailed with 40 ships and more than 2000 soldiers and attacked many Spanish ports and settlements. In 1586, Drake destroyed the St. Augustin fort

Question 46

What happened on Drake's first attack in his revenge?

Answer 46

He tried to capture Spanish mule trains but during the surprise attack, he was shot in the leg and he and his men and to withdraw

Question 47

Who helped Drake on his revenge plan?

Answer 47

Escaped African slaves who were living in the jungle of Panama

Question 48

How did Drake other revenge attempt go?

Answer 48

During the night, him along with 70 men ambushed the mules and loaded his 2 ships with the loot and sailed back in 1573

Question 49

Who was Henry Morgan?

Answer 49

He was a Welsh buccaneers, who was born in 1635 and died in 1688