CHAPTER 6

Question 1

Who generally benefited from the wealth produced by the colonies?

Answer 1

Rich people and rulers in the home countries

The workers or the colony itself did not benefit from this wealth.

Question 2

What is one belief about the impact of inequality in the colonies?

Answer 2

It stunted economic growth in the colonies

This inequality laid the foundation for ongoing inequalities in today’s global economy.

Question 3

What do some people contend provided a positive basis for economic growth in the colonies?

Answer 3

English institutions such as:
* Educational institutions
* Common law
* Property rights
* Contract enforcement
* Banking and trading practices

These institutions have had a lasting impact on economic growth.

Question 4

True or False: The wealth produced by the colonies benefited the workers in the colonies.

Answer 4

False

The wealth primarily benefited those in the home countries.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Many people believe that inequality stunted economic growth in the colonies and laid the foundation for the inequalities that continue to exist in today’s _______.

Answer 5

global economy

This perspective highlights the long-term effects of colonial wealth distribution.

Question 7

What event marked the beginning of American involvement in the Philippines?

Answer 7

The USA invaded the Philippines during the war

Question 8

What was the Philippine-American War?

Answer 8

A conflict between Filipinos and Americans fighting for independence from 1899-1902

Question 9

What type of schools did Americans establish in the Philippines?

Answer 9

English / Western schools

Question 10

Until what year did English / Western schools grow in number in the Philippines?

Answer 10

1946

Question 11

How many Americans were born in or immigrated to the Philippines?

Answer 11

Close to 1 million

Question 12

Who occupied the Philippines during WWII?

Answer 12

Japan

Question 13

What sentiment did most Filipino people have towards the US during Japanese occupation?

Answer 13

They remained loyal to the US as they represented freedom

Question 14

What is argued to be a lasting legacy of US colonialism in the Philippines?

Answer 14

Democracy

Question 15

How long did Spanish rule last in the Philippines before American colonialism?

Answer 15

300+ years

Question 16

What does the term ‘Mahatma’ mean?

Answer 16

Great Soul

‘Mahatma’ is an honorific title given to Mohandas Gandhi.

Question 17

In what year did India gain independence under Gandhi’s leadership?

Answer 17

1947

Question 18

What strategy did Gandhi adopt to lead India to independence?

Answer 18

Peaceful non-cooperation with the British

Question 19

What principle was Gandhi’s strategy based on?

Answer 19

Swadeshi

Question 20

What does ‘swadeshi’ mean?

Answer 20

Self-sufficiency

Question 21

When was Mohandas Gandhi born?

Answer 21

1869

Question 22

Where did Gandhi receive his education?

Answer 22

India and England

Question 23

What profession did Gandhi pursue after his education in England?

Answer 23

Lawyer

Question 24

How long did Gandhi live in South Africa?

Answer 24

20 years

Question 25

What was Gandhi's focus during his time in South Africa?

Answer 25

Working for the rights of Indians

Question 26

What were many Indians in South Africa descendants of?

Answer 26

Indentured labourers

Question 27

What political party did Gandhi become a leader of upon returning to India?

Answer 27

Indian National Congress Party

Question 28

What is the significance of the Indian National Congress Party?

Answer 28

One of the earliest and most influential nationalist movements in European colonies

Question 29

What was the distance of the march led by Gandhi to the coast to make salt?

Answer 29

Over 300 km ## Footnote This march was a form of peaceful protest against the salt taxes imposed by the British.

Question 30

What was the significant act of civil disobedience led by Gandhi?

Answer 30

Making salt and protesting the salt taxes ## Footnote This act involved Gandhi and over 60,000 supporters.

Question 31

How many supporters were arrested during Gandhi's peaceful protest?

Answer 31

Over 60,000 supporters ## Footnote This highlights the mass mobilization and impact of Gandhi's actions.

Question 32

What movements did Gandhi promote apart from the salt march?

Answer 32

Non-cooperation and boycotting of English goods ## Footnote These movements were part of the struggle for India's independence.

Question 33

What was the outcome of Gandhi's actions in terms of India's political status?

Answer 33

Led to the eventual independence of India in 1947 ## Footnote Gandhi's leadership and campaigns were pivotal in the anti-colonial struggle.

Question 34

What term describes the identification with in-group ethnicity or culture?

Answer 34

In-group identification ## Footnote This refers to how individuals strongly associate themselves with their own ethnic or cultural group.

Question 35

What feelings are associated with in-group pride?

Answer 35

Pride, vanity, superiority ## Footnote Individuals may feel a sense of superiority about their in-group compared to others.

Question 36

How do individuals with in-group identification view economic, political, and social events?

Answer 36

From the perspective of their in-group ## Footnote This means that their interpretation of events is heavily influenced by their cultural context.

Question 37

What do individuals with strong in-group identification define as 'correct'?

Answer 37

Their cultural elements ## Footnote Such individuals often see their own cultural practices and beliefs as the standard.

Question 38

What is a common belief regarding in-group norms among individuals with strong in-group identification?

Answer 38

In-group norms are universal ## Footnote They may believe that their norms should apply to all cultures.

Question 39

How do individuals with strong in-group identification view out-group ethnicities and cultures?

Answer 39

They reject them ## Footnote There is often a dismissal of cultures that are not their own.

Question 40

What feeling do individuals with in-group identification often have towards other ethnicities and cultures?

Answer 40

Inferiority ## Footnote They may perceive other cultures as lesser or not valid.

Question 41

How do individuals with strong in-group identification define elements of other cultures?

Answer 41

As 'incorrect' and 'unnatural' ## Footnote This reflects a biased view that disregards the legitimacy of other cultural practices.

Question 42

What was the East India Trading Company known for?

Answer 42

One of the most powerful corporations and monopolies the world has ever seen ## Footnote The East India Trading Company played a significant role in global trade and colonial expansion.

Question 43

Which major ports did the East India Trading Company establish?

Answer 43

Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta ## Footnote These ports were crucial for trade and military operations.

Question 44

What was the name of the Indian men enlisted by the East India Trading Company for military service?

Answer 44

Sepoys ## Footnote Sepoys were integral to the company's military operations.

Question 45

Why did the East India Trading Company need an army?

Answer 45

To protect company assets and to influence/align with local rulers ## Footnote The military presence was essential for maintaining control and security in the region.

Question 46

What significant battle occurred in 1757 involving the East India Trading Company?

Answer 46

Battle of Plassey ## Footnote This battle was pivotal for British control over India.

Question 47

What was the outcome of the Battle of Plassey?

Answer 47

British take control of Bangladesh ## Footnote This victory marked a significant expansion of British power in India.

Question 48

How did the East India Trading Company begin to act more like a state?

Answer 48

Collecting taxes, raising armies, enforcing laws ## Footnote This shift indicated a move from a trading entity to a governing authority.

Question 49

Under whose permission did the East India Trading Company operate when acting like a state?

Answer 49

British monarchy ## Footnote The company's actions were sanctioned by the British government.

Question 50

What method did the East India Trading Company use to expand land?

Answer 50

Military conquests, alliances, and treaties ## Footnote This expansion occurred as the previous ruling Mughal dynasty collapsed.

Question 51

How did the East India Trading Company enforce their trade monopoly?

Answer 51

By force

Question 52

What unfair taxation policy did the East India Trading Company impose on Indians?

Answer 52

Unfair taxation policies

Question 53

What was the practice of buying cheap cotton in India, turning it into clothing in Britain, and selling it back at inflated rates called?

Answer 53

Exploitation of resources

Question 54

What tariffs and restrictions were imposed on India regarding textiles?

Answer 54

Restrictions on India making their own textiles

Question 55

What requirement was placed on Indians regarding whom they could sell to?

Answer 55

Indians were required to sell only to the British

Question 56

What was the consequence of requiring Indians to sell only to the British?

Answer 56

The British could set the prices

Question 57

What type of crops were Indians required to grow under the East India Trading Company's policies?

Answer 57

Non-food crops like Indigo and opium

Question 58

What was a significant consequence of requiring Indians to grow non-food crops?

Answer 58

Food shortages