Chapter 6

Question 1

republic

Answer 1

a government where citizens vote for their leaders

Question 2

patricians

Answer 2

wealthy landowners with lots of power

Question 3

plebeians

Answer 3

farmers & merchants

Question 4

tribunes

Answer 4

plebeian representatives

Question 5

Twelve Tables

Answer 5

Rome’s laws

Question 6

consuls

Answer 6

Rome’s “kings” with two-year terms

Question 7

senate

Answer 7

aristocratic branch of Rome’s government

Question 8

dictator

Answer 8

a leader with absolute power to bring Rome out of crisis for 6 months

Question 9

legions

Answer 9

military units

Question 10

Punic War

Answer 10

• rome won
• then Carthage won (under Hannibal)
• then rome won again

Question 11

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Answer 11

tried to help Rome’s poor people, got assassinated, civil war broke out after their deaths

Question 12

Julius Caesar

Answer 12

• military leader in the first triumvirate (with Crassus and Pompey)
• was a consul and then governor of Gaul
• defeated Pompey’s army and became dictator of Rome for life
• reformed it by making jobs and expanding senate
• was assassinated

Question 13

Octavian (Augustus) Caesar

Answer 13

• 2nd triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus
• ruled for 10 years after Caesar’s death
• made Lepidus retire and defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra
• ruled Rome unchallengedly with Pax Romana
  
  • stabilized government

Question 14

gravitas

Answer 14

Roman attributes (strength, bravery, discipline)

Question 15

Roman Culture

Answer 15

• had slaves
• many gods and goddesses
  
  • numia: spirit
  • lares: guardian spirits of each family
• big gap between rich and poor

Question 16

Diaspora

Answer 16

dispersal of the Jews

Question 17

Constantine

Answer 17

• was anti-Christ at first
• his mom St. Monica prayed for him and then he converted during battle
• became a super-activist

Question 18

Augustine

Answer 18

• one of the Fathers of the Church

- wrote “The City of God”

Question 19

mercenaries

Answer 19

foreign soldiers who fought for money

Question 20

Diocletian

Answer 20

• new emperor of Rome
• restored order (before Constantine came along)
• split Roman empire into Greek East and Latin West

Question 21

Constantine (after Diocletian)

Answer 21

-moved capital from Rome to Byzantium, named it Constantinople

Question 22

Germans

Answer 22

-invaded rome to escape the Huns led by Attila

Question 23

Virgil

Answer 23

a poet of heavy themes, wrote the Aeneid

Question 24

Ovid

Answer 24

wrote light stuff like Amores

Question 25

Tacitus

Answer 25

-a political commentator, wrote the Annals and Histories

Question 26

Justinian

Answer 26

- succeeded his uncle to the throne of the Eastern Empire - was the "new Caesar" - rules with absolute power, even over the church - had the general Belisarius - rebuilt Constantinople - built the Hagia Sophia - built public baths, schools, hospitals - greco-roman culture! - empire fell after he died - plague of Justinian - attacks from east and west - Avars, Slavs, Bulgars, Sassanid Persians

Question 27

Belisarius

Answer 27

- recovered North Africa from Germanic invasion | - changed hands 6 times, Byzantine won out

Question 28

Justinian Code

Answer 28

- code: 5,000 Roman laws good for the Byzantine empire - Digest: quoted the best legal thinkers on thoughts about the law (50 volumes) - Institutes: a textbook on how to use the laws - Novellae: (new laws) presented legislation passed after 534

Question 29

Mese "Middle Way" & Hippodrome

Answer 29

- Constantinople's main street - many merchants - a stadium with chariot races - very enthusiastic, many riots happened here - the ferocious Nika rebellion, they were mad at the government for quenching a previous riot

Question 30

patriarch

Answer 30

leading bishop of the Eastern Orthodox Church

Question 31

icons

Answer 31

religious images used by the Eastern church to help their devotions -banned by Emperor Leo III

Question 32

Cyrillic Alphabet

Answer 32

-alphabet for Slavic languages (Russian)