Chapter 6 2.0

Question 1

A stressed crack in a rock

Answer 1

Joint

Question 2

A crack or joint in a rock

Answer 2

Fault

Question 3

The first earthquake to reach a seismic station

Answer 3

P waves

Question 4

The second earthquake wave to reach a seismic station

Answer 4

S waves

Question 5

One of many earthquake waves to travel along the crust

Answer 5

Surface waves

Question 6

Detects earthquake waves

Answer 6

Seismometers

Question 7

The actual center of an earthquake activity

Answer 7

Focus (hypocenter)

Question 8

The point where an earthquake actually occurs

Answer 8

Epicenter

Question 9

The size or intensity of some measurable quantity

Answer 9

Magnitude

Question 10

A system that reports the magnitude or energy of an earthquake

Answer 10

Richter scale

Question 11

A measure of the concentration of energy expanded or the effects of energy released

Answer 11

Intensity

Question 12

An Italian volcanologist and director of the Vesuvius observatory

Answer 12

Mercalli

Question 13

A far-reaching, devastating water wave caused by seismic activity

Answer 13

Tsunamis

Question 14

Includes seismometers and a way to record or graph the changing earth waves

Answer 14

Seismograph

Question 15

Rapid mass wasting of earth materials downhill

Answer 15

Landslides

Question 16

Oil, grease, and other substances used to reduce friction

Answer 16

Lubricant

Question 17

Secondary earthquakes

Answer 17

Aftershocks

Question 18

Any force exerted on the matter in an object

Answer 18

Stress

Question 19

Forces/stresses that act to squeeze or crush an object or substance

Answer 19

Compression stress

Question 20

Forces/dresses that act to pull an object or substance apart

Answer 20

Tension stress

Question 21

Forces/stresses that act in opposite directions in different parts of the same object or substance

Answer 21

Shear stress

Question 22

The amount of strain a material can endure

Answer 22

Ductility

Question 23

A push or pull on an object

Answer 23

Force

Question 24

Any change in the shape of a solid due to stress is exerted on the material

Answer 24

Strain

Question 25

The compass direction of an imaginary line drawn across a fault face or rock

Answer 25

Strike

Question 26

The angle of slope of a fault face or stratum

Answer 26

Dip

Question 27

A fault whose main motion is parallel to its tip direction

Answer 27

Dip-slip fault

Question 28

Where are earthquakes the strongest?

Answer 28

Focus

Question 29

List three places seismic waves carry energy

Answer 29

• away from the focus • through earth’s interior • across the surface

Question 30

List three things that are measured on earthquake scales

Answer 30

•magnitude •seismic waves •seismometers

Question 31

What does tenfold on the Richter scale mean?

Answer 31

Ranges from one to 10