Chapter 6 Flashcards
Active strategies of health promotion
Individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs. [Weight reduction/smoking cessation].
Acute illness
Usually reversible, has a short duration, and is often severe. Symptoms appear abruptly, are intense, and often subside after a relatively short period.
Chronic illness
Persists, usually longer than 6 months, is irreversible, and affects functioning in one or more systems. Patients often fluctuate between maximal functioning and serious health relapse that may be life threatening.
Health
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health behavior change
It is believed that change involves movement through a series of stages.
a. Precontemplation: Not intending to make changes within the next 6 months.
b. Contemplation: Considering a change within the next 6 months.
c. Preparation: Making small changes in preparation for a change in the next month.
d. Action: Actively engaged in strategies to change behavior; lasts up to 6 months.
e. Maintenance stage: Sustained change over time; begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely.
Health behaviors
Health beliefs usually influence health behaviors – positive or negative affect.
a. Positive health behaviors are activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness. Common positive health behaviors include immunizations, proper sleep patterns, adequate exercise, stress management, and nutrition.
b. Negative health behaviors include practices actually or potentially harmful to health such as smoking, drug or alcohol abuse, poor diet, and refusal to take necessary mediations.
Health belief model
Addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors. Helps in understanding factors influencing patients’ perceptions, beliefs, and behavior to plan care that will most effectively assist patients in maintaining or restoring health and preventing illness.
a. First component involves an individual’s perception of susceptibility to an illness.
b. Second component is an individual’s perception of the seriousness of the illness.
c. Third component is the likelihood that a person will take preventative action, and results from a person’s perception of the benefits of and barriers to taking action.
Health promotion
Involves activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition to help patients maintain or enhance their present levels of health.
Holistic health model
Attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health. Nurses consider the patient to be experts concerning their own health. Patients are involved in their healing process, thereby assuming some responsibility for health maintenance.
Illness
A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.
Illness behavior
People who are ill generally act in a way that medical sociologists call illness behavior. Involves how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions and use the resources in the health care system. Personal history, social situations, social norms, and past experiences affect illness behavior.
Illness prevention
Activities such as immunization programs protect patients from actual or potential threats to health.
Passive strategies of health promotion
Individuals gain from activities of others without acting themselves.
Primary prevention
True prevention; it precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to patients considered physically and emotionally healthy. Includes health education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities.
Risk factors
Any situation, habit, social or environmental condition, psychological or physiological condition, developmental or intellectual condition, spiritual condition, or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident.
