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Psychology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

sense pick up sensory stimuli and transmit them to brain

A

sensation

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2
Q

interpreting sensory info

A

perception

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3
Q

emphasizes importance of info from stimuli

data driven process

A

bottom up processing

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4
Q

emphasizes higher mental process
conceptually driven
takes into account concepts and memory

A

top down processing

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5
Q

our awareness of faint stimuli

A

absolute threshold

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6
Q

signal strength is not enough to determine detection

hit, misses, false alarms

A

signal detection theory

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7
Q

“just noticeable difference” threshold

minimum difference needed to discriminate between 2 stimili

A

difference threshold

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8
Q

must differ by a constant minimum percentage

A

Weber’s law

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9
Q

decreased sensitivity to a stimulus after prolonged exposure.

A

sensory adaptation

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10
Q

stimulus that makes vision possible

A

light

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11
Q

distance from peak to peak

A

wavelength

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12
Q

short wavelength equals…

A

high frequency (blue)

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13
Q

long wavelength equals…

A

low frequency (red)

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14
Q

height of peak

A

amplitude

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15
Q

short amplitude equals…

A

dull colors

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16
Q

big amplitude equals…

A

bright colors

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17
Q

white part of the eye that maintains shape and provides protection

A

sclera

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18
Q

clear membrane that bends light rays and helps with focus

A

cornea

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19
Q

opening in iris that reduces glare

A

pupil

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20
Q

colored part of the eye that contracts and relaxes

A

iris

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21
Q

behind pupil, changes shape to bring objects into focus

A

lens

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22
Q

light sensitive on back wall and contains receptor cells

A

retina

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23
Q

small area on retina that is most sensitive to detail

A

fovea

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24
Q

contains no light receptors. (blindspot) carries impulses from eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

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25
Q

black and white vision

A

rods

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26
Q

color vision

A

cones

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27
Q

pitch (tone)

A

frequency

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28
Q

intensity (loudness)

A

amplitude

29
Q

collects and sends sounds to ear drum

A

outer ear

30
Q

concentrates the vibrations of the ear drum on cochlea’s oval window

A

middle ear

31
Q

transforms sound vibrations to auditory signals

A

cochlea

32
Q

loudness is detected by what?

A

number of hair cells

33
Q

few hair cells activated equals…

A

soft sound

34
Q

many hair cells activated equals…

A

loud sound

35
Q

different pitches cause movement at different places on basilar membrane

A

place theory

36
Q

different pitches are cause the movement of basilar membrane matching frequency of sound wave.

A

frequency theory

37
Q

what helps us locate sound?

A

location of ears

38
Q

info to brain when objects touch or depress skin

pressure, temperature, warmth, pain

A

tactile senses

39
Q

largest organ in body

A

skin

40
Q

what could happen if you cant feel pain?

A

severe injury
excessive bleeding
amputation
death

41
Q

pain receptors

A

nociceptors

42
Q

what activates nociceptors

A

temperature
pressure
chemicals

43
Q

area in spinal chord acts like gate

A

gate-control theory

44
Q

role of the spinal chord

A

send messages
change messages
stop messages

45
Q

brains influence on gates

A

pain simulation
distraction from pain
endorphins

46
Q

provides info about relative position and movement of individual body parts

A

kinesthetic sense

47
Q

provides info about the body’s movement and orientation in space

A

vestibular sense

48
Q

smell

A

olfaction

49
Q

what contains over 10 million smell receptors

A

olfactory epithelium

50
Q

where do smell sensations first register to the brain

A

olfactory bulbs

51
Q

taste

A

gustation

52
Q

five basic tastes

A 
sour
sweet
salty
bitter
savory (umami)
53
Q

small bumps on tongue that contains taste buds

A

papillae

54
Q

“gestalt”

A

whole

55
Q

sensations are disassembled

what we see is an organized whole

A

perceptual organization

56
Q

we tend to use vision more than other senses

A

visual capture

57
Q

objects in field stand out more than surroundings

A

figure-ground

58
Q

objects in field

A

figure

59
Q

surroundings

A

ground

60
Q

tend to group into meaningful categories

A

grouping

61
Q

grouping categories

A 
proximity
similarity
continuity
connectedness
closure
62
Q

each eye gets different image

A

retinal disparity

63
Q

object is close, sharp angle is used

object is far away, less of an angle is used

A

angle of convergence

64
Q

further away, objects appears smaller

A

relative size

65
Q

things in front appears closer

A

interposition

66
Q

parallel lines converge with distance

A

linear perspective

67
Q

texture recedes, texture becomes finer, denser and appears smoother

A

texture gradient

68
Q

closer to horizon-further away
farther from horizon-closer
below horizon-further away
above horizon-closer

A

relative height to horizon

Psychology (2 decks)

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