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HS-262 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

0
Q

The adaptive state that occurs with regular addictive behavior and results in withdrawal syndrome.

A

Physiological dependence

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1
Q

A persistent, compulsive dependence on a behavior or substance, despite on going negative consequences.

A

Addiction

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2
Q

Alcoholism, drug abuse, and smoking

A

Substance addictions

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3
Q

Gambling, shopping, eating, and sex

A

Process addictions

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4
Q

Compulsion, loss of control, negative consequences, denial

A

Symptoms of addiction

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5
Q

Biochemical messengers that exert their influence at specific receptor sites on nerve cells

A

Neurotransmitters

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6
Q

Progressively larger doses or more intense involvement are needed to obtain the desired effect

A

Tolerance

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7
Q

A drug or activity replaces an effect the body should provide on its own

A

Withdrawl

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8
Q

Proposes that addiction is caused not by a single influence, but by multiple biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors operating in complex interaction

A

Biopsychosocial model of addiction

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9
Q

People with low self-esteem, tendencies for risk taking behavior, or poor coping skills are more likely to develop addictive behavior

A

Psychological factors of biosychosocial model of addiction

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10
Q

Brain processes controlling memory, motivation, and emotional state are subjects of genetic research into risk for addiction, particularly to mood-altering substances. Approximately 50-60% of risk for alcoholism is genetically determined

A

Biological or disease influences biosychosocial model of addiction

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11
Q

Cultural expectations and more help determine whether people engage in certain behaviors. Social attitudes and messages also influence addictive behaviors

A

Environmental influences of biosychosocial model of addiction

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12
Q

Proposes that people learn behaviors by watching role models (parents, caregivers, and significant others)

A

Social learning theory

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13
Q

Those who find it hard to set healthy boundaries and often live in the chaotic, crisis-oriented mode occurring around addicts

A

Codependents

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14
Q

Knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the consequences of their behavior

A

Enablers

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15
Q

Behaviors known to be addictive because they are mood altering

A

Process adictions

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16
Q

Characteristic behaviors include preoccupations with gambling, unsuccessful efforts to quit, and lying to conceal the extent of ones involvement.
Effects mor than two million Americans
Men,now income, divorces, African Americans, native Americans, elderly, and those living within 50 miles of a casino are most likely to have gambling problems

A

Disordered gambling

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17
Q

Preoccupied with shopping and spending and exercise little control over impulses to buy

A

Compulsive shoppers/ compulsive buying disorder

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18
Q

Compulsive use of the computer, PDAS, cell phone, or other forms of technology to access the Internet for activities such as e-mail, games, shopping, or blogging

A

Internet addiction

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19
Q

Compulsive use of work and the work persona to fulfill needs of intimacy, power, and success

A

Work addiction

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20
Q

Use of exercise compulsively to try to meet needs, for nurturance, intimacy, self-esteem, and self-competency- that an object or activity cannot truly meet

A

Exercise addiction

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21
Q

People confuse physical arousal with intimacy, they feel nurtured not by the person with whom they have sex, but by the activity itself

A

Sexual addictions

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22
Q

Characterized by having more than one addiction

A

Multiple addictions

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23
Q

Drugs that change the way the brain works

A

Psychoactive drugs

24
Q

Only available via a licensed healthcare practitioner

A

Prescription drugs

25
Q

Can be purchased without a prescription

A

Over-the-counter drugs

26
Q

Generally contain chemicals used to help people relax or socialize (Caffeine, alcohol, tobacco)

A

Recreational drugs

27
Q

Includes herbal teas and botanical products believed to have medical properties

A

Herbal preparations

28
Q

Most notorious type of drug

A

Illicit drugs

29
Q

Are the most universally used, yet least commonly recognized, Chemical substances. (Inhalants, cleaners, gases)

A

Commercial preparations

30
Q

Swallowing a tablet, capsule, or liquid, or liquid
Drug is absorbed into the bloodstream in the stomach and small intestine, then passes through the liver before being circulated throughout the body

A

Oral ingestion

31
Q

Drug is absorbed through mucous membranes into the bloodstream

A

Snorting

32
Q

The introduction of drugs through breathing into the lungs

A

Inhalation

33
Q

Intravenously injected drug enters bloodstream directly at veins; intramuscularly and subcutaneously injected drugs enter the bloodstream through capillaries in the muscles and skin

A

Injection

34
Q

Drug that is absorbed through the skin

A

Transdermal

35
Q

Mixtures of drugs and a waxy medium that are inserted into the anus or vagina

A

Suppositories

36
Q

Where chemicals, enzymes, and other substances interact

A

Receptor sites

37
Q

Taking several drugs simultaneously

A

Polydrug use

38
Q

Also called potentiation, is an interaction of two or more drugs in which the effects of the individual drugs are multi-plied beyond what would normally be expected if they were taken alone

A

Synergism

39
Q

A drug interaction in which two drugs compete for the same available receptors, potentially blocking each other’s actions

A

Antagonism

40
Q

The effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug at the receptor site

A

Inhibition

41
Q

Occurs when drugs combine in the body to produce extremely uncomfortable reactions

A

Intolerance

42
Q

Occurs when a person develops a physiological tolerance to one drug and shows similar tolerance to certain other drugs as a result

A

Cross-tolerance

43
Q

Involves using a drug for a purpose for which it was not intended

A

Drug misuse

44
Q

Is excessive use of any drug

A

Drug abuse

45
Q

A drug that increases activity of the central nervous system

A

Stimulants

46
Q

Psychoactive substance in marijuana

A

THC

47
Q

Drugs that slow down neuromuscular activity and cause sleepiness or calmness

A

Depressants

48
Q

Drugs that induce sleep and relieve pain

A

Opioids

49
Q

The parent drug of the opioids

A

Opium

50
Q

A class of central nervous system depressant drugs with sedative, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant effects

A

Benzodiazepines

51
Q

Opioid like hormones that are manufactured in the human body and contribute to natural feelings of well-being

A

Endorphins

52
Q

Drugs that depress the central nervous system and have sedating, hypnotic, and anesthetic effects

A

Barbiturates

53
Q

A central nervous system depressant known to have euphoric, sedative, and anabolic effects

A

Gamma hydroxybutyrate

54
Q

Substances capable of creating auditory or visual hallucinations and unusual changes in mood, thoughts, and feelings

A

Hallucinogens

55
Q

Planned process of confrontation by people who are important to the addiction, including spouses, parents, children, bosses, and friends

A

Intervention

56
Q

Refers to the early period during which an addict adjusts physically and cognitively to being free from the addictions influence

A

Detoxification

57
Q

An isolated occurrence of or full return to addictive behavior, is a defining characteristic of addiction

A

Relapse

HS-262 (4 decks)

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