Chapter 6

Question 0

Thermal Expansion

Answer 0

Is a measure of the volume change resulting from a temperature change.

Question 1

Compressibility

Answer 1

Is a measure of the change in volume resulting from a pressure change.

Question 2

Kinetic molecular theory of matter

Answer 2

Is a set of five statements that are used to explain the physical behavior of the three states of matter (solids, liquids, and gases).

Question 3

Kinetic energy

Answer 3

Is energy that matter possesses because of its motion.

Question 4

Potential energy

Answer 4

Is the energy associated with forces of attraction or repulsion between objects.

Question 5

Electrostatic interactions

Answer 5

Are attractions and repulsions that occur between charged particles.

Question 6

Solid state

Answer 6

Is the physical state characterized by a dominance of potential energy (cohesive forces) over kinetic energy ( disruptive forces).

Question 7

Liquid state

Answer 7

Is the physical state characterized by potential energy (cohesive forces) and kinetic energy (disruptive forces) of about the same magnitude.

Question 8

Gaseous state

Answer 8

Is the physical state characterized by a complete dominance of kinetic energy (disruptive forces) over potential energy (cohesive forces).

Question 9

Gas laws

Answer 9

Are generalizations that describe in mathematical terms the relationships among the amount, pressure,temperature, and volume of a gas.

Question 10

Pressure

Answer 10

Is the force applied per unit area that is the total force on a surface divided by the area of that surface.

Question 11

Mathematical equation for pressure ?

Answer 11

P (pressure) = F (force)/A (area)

Question 12

1 mm Hg =?

Answer 12

1 tore

Question 13

1 atm=?

Answer 13

760 mm Hg = 760 torr

Question 14

1 atm pressure unit ?

Answer 14

14.7 psi

Question 15

Dalton’s law states that?

Answer 15

P total = PA+ PB+PC..

Question 16

A change of state

Answer 16

Is a process in which a substance is transformed from one physical state to another.

Question 17

Gas

Answer 17

Evaporation (Heat absorbed) and Sublimation (Heat absorbed).

Question 18

Solid

Answer 18

Freezing (Heat Released) and Decomposition (Heat Released).

Question 19

Liquid

Answer 19

Condensation (Heat Released) and Melting ( Heat absorbed).

Question 20

Evaporation

Answer 20

Is the process by which molecules escape from the liquid phase to the gas phase.

Question 21

Vapor

Answer 21

Describes gaseous molecules of a substance at a temperature and pressure at which we ordinarily would think of the substance as a liquid or solid.

Question 22

Equilibrium state

Answer 22

Is a situation in which two opposite processes take place at equal rates.

Question 23

Vapor pressure

Answer 23

Is the pressure exerted by a vapor above a liquid when the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium.

Question 24

Volatile substance

Answer 24

Is a substance that readily evaporates at room temperature because of a high vapor pressure.

Question 25

Boiling

Answer 25

Is a special form of evaporation where conversion from the liquid state to the vapor state occurs within the body of a liquid through bubble formation.

Question 26

Boiling Point

Answer 26

Of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid becomes equal to the external (atmospheric) pressure exerted on the liquid.

Question 27

Intermolecular forces

Answer 27

Is an attractive force that acts between a molecule and another molecule.

Question 28

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Answer 28

Occur between polar molecules. The positive end of one molecule attracts the negative end of another molecule. Strength depends on the extent of molecular polarity.

Question 29

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 29

Extra strong dipole-dipole interactions. Require the presence of hydrogen covalently bonded to a small very electronegative atom (F,O,orN) Interaction is between the H atom and a lone pair of electrons on another small electronegative atom (F,O,orN)

Question 30

London Forces

Answer 30

Occur between all molecules. Only type of intermolecular force present between NONPOLAR molecules. Instantaneous dipole-dipole interactions caused by momentary uneven electron distributions in molecules. Weakest type of intermolecular force,but important because of their sheer numbers.