Chapter 6 & 7: Intro to Nutritional Science; Systems & Cells

Question 1

Micronutrients

Answer 1

Nutrients our bodies use in trace amounts (vitamins and minerals)

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

Dynamic, interconnected network of living things and their physical environment

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

State of balanced function in the body

Question 4

Ligaments

Answer 4

Connective tissue attaching bones to bones

Question 5

Tendons

Answer 5

Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones

Question 6

Smooth Muscles

Answer 6

Muscles of the arteries, veins, GI tract, uterus and more

Question 7

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 7

Muscle of the heart

Question 8

pH

Answer 8

Measure of hydrogen ion concentration with determines acidity or alkalinity of liquid

Question 9

Epithelial tissue

Answer 9

Tissue making up skin, GI tract, respiratory, urinary tracts

Question 10

Endothelial tissue

Answer 10

Tissue that lines our cardiovascular system

Question 11

Fascia

Answer 11

Band or sheet of tissue that encloses or stabilizes tissues like muscles

Question 12

Adipose tissue

Answer 12

tissue that makes up our fat cells

Question 13

Myofibers

Answer 13

Muscle cells

Question 14

Axons

Answer 14

Long stemlike part of nervous cells that make electrical pulses

Question 15

Neurons

Answer 15

Nerve cells

Question 16

Solutes

Answer 16

Substances (like salt) that dissolve in solvent (like water)

Question 17

Metabolism

Answer 17

Collection of cellular tasks and chemical reactions needed to sustain life

Question 18

Adipocyte

Answer 18

Fat cell

Question 19

Peristalis

Answer 19

Wave-like muscular contractions in tubular structures like our organs of the digestive system

Question 20

Fiber

Answer 20

Carbohydrate based structures that resist digestion by enzymes

Question 21

Carbohydrates

Answer 21

Group of macronutrients that contains sugars, starches, and cellulose

Question 22

Glycogen

Answer 22

Storage form of carbohydrates in muscles

Question 23

Enterocytes

Answer 23

Brush-like structures that increase the surface area of cells in the intestines

Question 24

Microvilli

Answer 24

Finger like structures on the surface of cells

Question 25

Stratified Cells

Answer 25

Stacked Cells

Question 26

Goblet Cells

Answer 26

Column-shaped cells found in respiratory and digestive tract that secret mucin

Question 27

Cuboidal Cells

Answer 27

Strong cube shaped cells often forming structures (salivary gland mouth cells)

Question 28

Squamous Cells

Answer 28

Flat cells that are easily replaced (like lining of esophagus

Question 29

Organelles

Answer 29

Membrane bond structures that have a function in the cell

Question 30

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 30

Tube-like structures that are involved in protein and lipid synthesis in the cells

Question 31

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 31

Structure in cell responsible for secretion and transport

Question 32

Mitochrondria

Answer 32

organelle responsible for respiration and energy production

Question 33

Cytosol

Answer 33

Semi-fluid matrix in the cell

Question 34

Nucleus

Answer 34

Contain genetic material and operation instructions for cell

Question 35

Lysosome

Answer 35

Organelle with enzymes that break down substances

Question 36

Peroxisomes

Answer 36

Organelle with enzymes that metabolize nutrients

Question 37

Saturated Fat

Answer 37

Fat molecule without double bond, usually animal fat that is solid at room temperature.

Question 38

Trans Fat

Answer 38

Unsaturated fatty acid in manufactured foods

Question 39

Monounsaturated fats

Answer 39

Fatty acid with one double bond

Question 40

Polyunsaturated fats

Answer 40

Fatty acid with multiple double bonds often liquid at room temperature

Question 41

SimpleDiffusion

Answer 41

Natural movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

Question 42

Carrier Protein

Answer 42

transports substances in and out of cells

Question 43

Passive Transport

Answer 43

Moving substances across a cell membrane without energy

Question 44

Active Transport

Answer 44

Moving substances in and out of a cell with energy

Question 45

Pancreas

Answer 45

Organ that's part of the GI tract and