Chapter 6-9

Question 1

beliefs and attitudes toward different issues, events, and people

Answer 1

public opinion

Question 2

a cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government.

Answer 2

political ideology

Question 3

Attitudes

Answer 3

views about particular issues,
persons, or events.

Question 4

Two main political ideologies

Answer 4

liberals and conservatives

Question 5

generally support social and political reform, governmental intervention in the economy, more economic equality, expansion of federal social services, and greater concern for consumers and the environment.

Answer 5

liberals

Question 6

generally support the social and economic status quo, are suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulas and economic arrangements, and believe that a large and powerful government poses a threat to citizens’ freedom.

Answer 6

conservatives

Question 7

Declining trust is linked to declines in ___.

Answer 7

political participation
and voting

Question 8

Low confidence in government is related to ___.

Answer 8

the perception that the government cannot solve problems or spend money in effective ways

Question 9

Political socialization is shaped by ___.

Answer 9

Family/friends, education, race

Question 10

an external event that effects you and shapes your opinion moving forward.

Answer 10

political environment

Question 11

Political knowledgeable citizens are better able to evaluate new information and determine whether it is relevant to and consistent with their beliefs and opinions.

Answer 11

political knowledge

Question 12

The marketplace of ideas

Answer 12

A public forum in which beliefs and ideas are exchanged and compete.

Question 13

Forces in market place that shape public opinion:

Answer 13

Political leaders, private groups, media

Question 14

Fireside chat

Answer 14

An example of political leaders in the market

Question 15

Include interest groups, churches,
community organizations
1. Very deep and wide reach into society
2. Deploy specific information effectively
3. Can communicate messages broadly to reach like-minded individuals easily

Answer 15

private groups

Question 16

1. Effective at telling Americans what issues are important
2. Can frame what it means for a politician to be successful
3. Can sometimes shape how people
   understand the meaning of a conflict

Answer 16

media

Question 17

A newspaper released a report on the financial entanglements between members of Congress and the industries they are regulating. This is an example of the media acting as a(n)

Answer 17

watchdog

Question 18

An organization that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office.

Answer 18

politcal party

Question 19

The process by which political values are formed is best known as ___.

Answer 19

Political Socialization

Question 20

Congress passed the Inflation Reduction Act in both chambers with a straight party line vote. When Republicans vote with other Republicans and Democrats vote with fellow Democrats, and they oppose the other party, this is an illustration of

Answer 20

political polarization

Question 21

the process by which large numbers of
people are organized for a political activity

Answer 21

political mobilization

Question 22

Partisanship

Answer 22

identification with or support of a particular party

Question 23

general elections

Answer 23

voters select who they want to fill a political office.

Question 24

Why do people vote?

Answer 24

socioeconomic status, political environment, state electoral laws

Question 25

Young people and voting

Answer 25

Older individuals are more likely to vote than younger individuals.

Question 26

the tendency for Black Americans to perceive other Black Americans as members of a group with a common identity and a shared political interest is called

Answer 26

linked fate

Question 27

Role of immigration on politics

Answer 27

- Latinos currently make up approx. 17% of US population - Since 1970, number of 1st gen immigrants living in US has more than 4x in size - CA shifted from republican stronghold in 1970s to solidly democratic state today primarily due to immigration and demographic change

Question 28

Same-sex marriage

Answer 28

rose 25% over 25 years

Question 29

the fact that Americans today are likely to follow the news by briefly reading multiple headlines online rather than by reading longer news articles is referred to as

Answer 29

skim and scan

Question 30

Traditional media

Answer 30

Print/newspaper, influential among the elite

Question 31

Coverage of Trump and Clinton by media

Answer 31

The vast majority of national public-opinion polls leading up to the election predicted that Hillary Clinton would win the presidency over Trump, but in fact she lost. - Trump benefited from free and overwhelmingly negative coverage compared to Clinton

Question 32

Filter people only interact with information that appeals to their views and beliefs, ultimately reinforcing what they believe in

Answer 32

filter bubble

Question 33

an application or feed that collects web content such as news headlines, blogs, podcasts, online videos, and more in one location for easy viewing

Answer 33

news aggregator

Question 34

the single most important trend in news and political communication

Answer 34

social media

Question 35

Poll tax

Answer 35

States restricted voting rights through poll taxes (fees charged to vote)

Question 36

Speaker of the House

Answer 36

party office - All the members of House take part in the election of the Speaker but actual selection is made by majority party— party that holds majority of seats in House

Question 37

When the media presents information from a certain perspective in order to shape the audience’s understanding of that information, it best describes the process of

Answer 37

framing

Question 38

Alarm mode & patrol mode

Answer 38

Two modes of media. Alarm = breaking news, in search for bigger audience patrol = greater depth, comes after alarm mode

Question 39

Algorithms

Answer 39

personalize individual user content (analyze "engagement data" to present each user with unique set of additional news stories and other content tailored to user's preferences)

Question 40

Priming

Answer 40

the process of making some criteria more important than others when evaluating a politician, problem, or issue

Question 41

Traditional forms of political participation

Answer 41

print (oldest method — newspapaers; no longer primary news source), radio and tv (widespread availability; narrow range of topics and provide least depth of news coverage)

Question 42

Fake news

Answer 42

False stories circulated for ad revenue or to benefit one political candidate or party over the other

Question 43

percentage of eligible individuals who actually vote

Answer 43

voter turnout

Question 44

Midterm elections

Answer 44

congressional elections that don't coincide with presidential election

Question 45

candidate running for re-election to a position that the candidate already holds

Answer 45

incumbent

Question 46

Digital divide

Answer 46

the gap in access to Internet among demographic groups

Question 47

voting based on the PAST performance of a candidate or political party - when they reward or punish the incumbent party for its past performance, such as a weak or strong economy, handling of the pandemic, or high inflation

Answer 47

Retrospective voting

Question 48

voters predict FUTURE performance of competing candidates and select candidate associated with most favorable

Answer 48

Prospective voting

Question 49

Suppose Mary believes that men and women should be treated equally and have the same standing under the law. what is this example of?

Answer 49

Value

Question 50

An individual is driving and witnesses a police officer using force on a man stopped at the side of the road. The individual records the incident and posts his eyewitness account online, this is...

Answer 50

citizen journalism

Question 51

The power of the media to draw public attention to particular issues and problems is called

Answer 51

agenda setting

Question 52

In the early Republic, parties were seen as threats to the stability of the new democratic government and were referred to as

Answer 52

factions

Question 53

he warned us about the rise of political parties in his farewell address

Answer 53

who is george washington?

Question 54

a form of online targeted advertising

Answer 54

micro targeting

Question 55

Australia implemented this in 1920 when its voter turnout was a record low of 60%

Answer 55

mandatory voting

Question 56

voters choose each party’s candidate to compete for a political office

Answer 56

primary election

Question 57

a violent attack on government; the act of revolting against civic authority or established government

Answer 57

insurrection

Question 58

Stanley is displeased with the policies that the Democrats have passed while in the majority in Congress, so he has decided to vote for the Republican candidates this election. This is an example of

Answer 58

retrospective voting

Question 59

discussions of politics and current events on social media occur within a network of friends and family

Answer 59

new dinner table

Question 60

Political socialization is shaped by ___.

Answer 60

family

Question 61

Inflation Reduction Act

Answer 61

A United States federal law, which aims to reduce the federal government budget deficit, lower prescription drug prices, and invest in domestic energy production while promoting clean energy