Chapter 6 after page 205 Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Facial muscles are unique because they are inserted into
A
soft tissues such as other muscles or skin
2
Q
Types of facial muscles
A
Frontalis Orbicularis Oculi Orbicularis Oris Buccinator Zygomaticus
3
Q
Frontalis
A
Raises eyebrows
wrinkly forehead
covers the posterior aspect of the skull
4
Q
Orbicularis Oculi
A
Fibers that run circles around the eyes
Allows you to close your eyes, squint and blink
5
Q
Orbicularis Oris
A
Circular muscle of the mouth
“Kissing” muscle
6
Q
Buccinator
A
Also listed as the chewing muscle
Holds the food between the teeth during chewing
7
Q
Zygomaticus
A
“Smiling” muscle
Raises the corners of the mouth upward
8
Q
Types of chewing muscles
A
Masseter
Tempolaris
9
Q
Masseter
A
Covers the angle of the lower jaw
Closes the jaw by elevating the mandible
10
Q
Tempolaris
A
fan shaped muscle
Synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw
11
Q
Types of neck muscles
A
Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
12
Q
Plastysma
A
single sheetlike muscle
pulls the mouth inferiorly
13
Q
Sternocleidomastoid
A
Paired muscles
Sternum and clavicle
When both of them contract together, they flex your neck
“Prayer” muscles
14
Q
Trunk muscles include
A
- Those that move the vertebral column
- Anterior thorax muscles, which move the ribs, head and arms
- Muscles of the abdominal wall, which help to move the vertebral column and most important, form the muscular “natural girdle” of the abdominal body wall.
15
Q
Types of Anterior Muscles
A
Pectoralis Major
Intercostal Muscles
16
Q
Pectoralis Major
A
Large fan shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest.
Forms the anterior wall of the axilla
Acts to adduct and flex the arm
17
Q
Intercostal Muscles
A
Deep muscles found between the ribs
External intercostals, raise the rib cage while inhaling
Internal intercostals, depress the rib cage while exhaling
18
Q
Muscles of the Abdominal Girdle
A
Rectus Abdominis
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis
19
Q
Muscles of the Abdominal Girdle form what?
A
A natural girdle that reinforces the body trunk
20
Q
Rectus abdominis
A
Paired straplike muscles
Most superficial muscles of the abdomen
Main function is to flex the vertebral column
Compress the adbominal contents during defecation and childbirth and are involved in forced breathing
21
Q
External oblique
A
Mlakeup the lateral walls of the abdomen
Form the last 8 ribs
Flex the vertebral column
Rotate the trunk and bend it laterally
22
Q
Internal oblique
A
Run at right angles
Arise from the illiac crest and insert into the last 3 ribs
Same functions as the external obliques
23
Q
Transverse Abdominis
A
Deepest muscle of the abdominal wall
Compresses the abdominal contents
24
Q
Types of posterior Muscles
A
Trapezious Latissimus Dorsi Erector Spinae Quadratus Lumborum Deltoid
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Trapezius
Most superficial muscles of the posterior neck and upper trunk
Diamond or kite shaped
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Latissimus Dorsi
Large flat muscles that cover the lower back
Extends and adducts the humerus
Important muscles when the arm must be brought down in a power stroke
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Erector Spinar
Primary mover of the back extension
| Powerful back extensor
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Erector Spinar consists of
Longissimus
Iliocostalis
Spinalis
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Quadratus Lumborum
Form part of the posterior abdominal wall
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Acting separately each muscle of Quadratus Lumborum
flexes the spine laterally
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Acting together each muscle of Quadratus Lumborum
extend the lumbar spine
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Deltoid
Triangle shaped muscles
| Forms the rounded shape of your shoulders
33
A favorite injection site?
Deltoid because they are so bulky
34
Muscles that move the arm?
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
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What causes elbow flexion
All anterior arm muscles
36
Muscles of the Humerus
Biceps Branchii
Branchialis
Brancgioradialis
Triceps Branchii
37
Most familiar muscle of the arm and why?
Biceps Branchii because it bulges when the elbow is flexed
38
Powerful prime mover of flexion of the forearm and acts to supinate the forearm
Biceps Branchii
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Lies deep to the biceps muscle and is as important as the biceps in elbow flexion
Branchiallis
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Brachialis lists the
ulna as the biceps lifts the radius
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Fairly weak muscle that arises on the humerus and inserts into the distal forearm
Brachioradialis
42
Where does Brachioradialis reside?
Mainly in the forearm
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The muscles fleshinh out of the posterior humerus
Triceps Brachii
44
Powerful prime mover of elbow extension
Triceps Branchii
45
Antagonist of the biceps brachii
Triceps Brachii
46
Triceps Brachii is called the
"Boxer's" muscle because it can deliver a straight arm knockout punch
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Muscles that act on the lower limb cause movement at the
hip, knee and foot joints
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Largest, strongest muscles in the body and are specialized for walking and balancing the body
Lower limb
49
Girdle that allows little movement
Pelvis girdle
50
Muscles originated on the leg cause assorted movements of the
ankle and foor
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Muscles causing movement at the hip joint
GLuteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Iliopsoas
Adductor Muscles
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Superficial muscle of the hip that forms most of the flesh of the buttock
Gluteus Maximus
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Most important muscle for extending the hip when power is needed
Gluteus Maximus
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Hip abductor and is important in steadying the pelvis during walking
Gluteus Medius
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Gluteus Medius is an important site for giving
intramuscular injections
56
Medial part of each buttock overlies the large
sciatic nerve (area must be avoided)
57
Safe place for an intramuscular injection
Superolateral quadrant then overlies the gluteus medius
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Prime mover of hip flexion
Iliopsoas
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Function of Iliopsoas
Acts to keep the upper body from falling backward when we are standing erect
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What forms the muscle mass at the medial side of each thigh
Adductor Muscles
61
Muscles causing movement at the Knee Joint
Hamstring Group
Sartorius
Quadriceps Group
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The muscles forming the muscle mass of the posterior thigh are the
hamstrings
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Hamstring group consists of 3 muscles
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
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Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus,Semitendinosus are the
prime movers of the thigh extension and knee flexion
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Most superficial muscle of the thigh
Sartorius
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Sartorius is a
weak thigh flexor
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Sartorius is also called and why?
tailor's muscle because it acts as a synergist to bring about the cross-legged position in which old time tailors are often showed
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Quadriceps Group consists of 4 muscles
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
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Rectus Vastus muscles originate from the
femur
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Rectus femoris originates on the
pelvis
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All 4 muscles of Quadriceps Group onsert into the tibial tuberosity via the
patellar ligament
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Crosses 2 joint, hip and knee
Rectus femoris
73
Rectus femoris help to
flex the hip
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Vastus lateralis and Rectus femoris are sometimes used as
intramuscular injection sites, in infants who have poorly developed gluteus muscles
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Muscles causing movement at the ankle and foot
```
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitarum Longus
Fibularis Muscles
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
```
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Superficial muscle on the anterior leg
Tibialis anterior
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Tibialis anterior acts to
dorsiflex and invert the foot
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Prime mover of toe extension
Extensor Digitorum Longus
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3 fibularis muscles
longus
brevis
tertius
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Where are the 3 fibularis muscles found?
lateral part of the leg
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Flexes and everts the foot
Fibularis Muscles as a whole
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2 bellied muscle that forms the curved calf of the posterior leg
Gastrocnemius
83
Prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot
Gastrocnemius
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Gastrocnemius is also called the
toe dancer's muscle
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Deep to the Gastrocnemius os the
soleus muscle
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soleus muscle is a
strong plantar flexor of the foot
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Most of the superficial muscles are in
anterior and posterior views of the body
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In the developing embryo the muscular system is laid down in
segments and each segment is invaded by nerves
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The muscles of the thoracic and lumbar regions become very extensive because
they must cover and move the bones of the limbs
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First movements of the fetus
the quickening, occurs by the 16th week of pregnancy
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Very few congenital muscular problems occur except for
Muscular dystrophy
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What is Muscular dystrophy?
a group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases that affect specific muscle groups
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The most common and serious form for muscular dystrophy is
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
| Expressed especially in boys
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Protein that helps maintain the sarcolemma
dystrophin
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One rare disease that can affect muscles during adulthood is
myasthenia gravis, disease characterized by drooping of the upper eyelids, difficulty in swallowing and talking and generalized muscle weakness and fatigability.
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Origin and Insertion of Frontalis
Cranial aponeurosis
| Skin of eyebrows
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Origin and insertion of Orbicularis Oculi
Frontal bone and maxilla
| Tissue around the eyes
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Origin and insertion of Orbicularis Oris
Mandible and maxilla
| Skin and muscle around mouth
99
Origin and insertion of Buccinator
Maxilla and mandible near molars
| Orbicularis oris
100
Origin and insertion of Zygomaticus
Zygomatic bone
| Skin and muscle at corner of lips
101
Origin and insertion of Temporalis
Temporal bone
| Mandible
102
Origin and insertion of Masseter
Temporal bone
| Mandible
103
Origin and insertion of Platysma
Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles
| Tissue around the mouth
104
Origin and insertion of Sternocleidomastoid
Sternum and Clavicle
| Temporal Bone
105
Origin and insertion of Pectoralis Major
Sternum, clavicle and first to sixth ribs
| Proximal humerus
106
Origin and insertion of Rectus abdominis
Pubis
| Sternum and 5th to 7th ribs
107
Origin and insertion of External Oblique
Lower 8 ribs
| Illiac crest
108
Origin and insertion of of Biceps brachii
Scapula of shoudler girdle
| Proximal radius
109
Origin and insertion of Brachialis
Distal humerus
| Proximal ulna
110
Origin and insertion of Deltoid
Scapular spine and clavicle
| Humerus (deltoid tuberocity)
111
Origin and insertion of Ilopsoas
Ilium and lumbar vertebrae
| Femur
112
Origin and insertion of Adductor Muscles
Pelvis
| Proximal femur
113
Origin and insertion of Sartorius
Ilium
| Proximal tibia
114
Origin and insertion of Quadriceps groups
Vasti;Femur
| Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
115
Origin and insertion of Rectus femoris
Pelvis
| Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
116
Origin and insertion of Tibialis anterior
Proximal tibia
| First cuneiform and first metatarsal of foot
117
Origin and insertion of Extensor digitorum longus
Proximal tibia and radius
| Distal toes 2-5
118
Origin and insertion of Fibularis muscles
Fibula
| Metatarsals of foot
119
Muscles that act on the upper limb fall into 3 groups
Muscles that move the arm
Muscles that cause movement at the elbow
Muscles that move the wrist and hand
120
Origin and insertion of Trapezius
Occipital bone and all cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Scapular spins and clavicle
121
Origin and insertion of Latissimus dorsi
Lower spine and Iliac crest
Proximal humerus
122
Origin and insertion erector spine
Iliac crest, ribs 3-12 and vertebrae
Ribs and thoracic and cervical vertebrae
123
Origin and insertion triceps brachii
Shoulder girdle, posterior/proximal humerus
Olecranon process of ulna
124
Origin and insertion of Sartorius
Ilium
Proximal tibia
125
Other name of Sartorius
Tailor’s muscle
126
Primary action of Pectoralis
Primary mover of arm flexion; adducts; medially rotates arm
127
Primary action of Deltoid
Prime mover of arm abduction
128
Primary action of Rectus abdominis
Flexes and rotates vertebral column
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Primary action of External oblique
Flexes and rotates vertebral column
130
Primary action of Internal Oblique
Flexes and rotates vertebral column
131
Primary action of Transversus Abdominis
Compress abdominal contents
132
Primary action of Biceps brachii
Flexes elbow and supinates forearm
133
Primary action of Brachialis
A major arm flexor
134
Primary action of Brachioradialis
Synergist of brachialis in forearm flexion
135
Primary action of Pronator teres
Pronates forearm
136
Primary action of Flexor carpi radialis
Powerful wrist flexor
| abducts hand
137
Primary action of Flexor carpi ulnaris
Powerful flexor of wrist
| Adducts hand
138
Primary action of Flexor digitorum
Flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
139
Primary action of Trapezius
Extends neck, raises, rotates and retracts scapula and stabilizes it
