Chapter 6 Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the body’s functions and activities

Question 3

Histology/ microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

The study of tiny structures found in living tissue

Question 4

Cells

Answer 4

The basic unit of all living things

Question 5

Protoplasm

Answer 5

Colorless, jelly like substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present

Question 6

Organelle

Answer 6

Small organ

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

The center of the cell

Question 8

Nucleoplasm

Answer 8

Fluid that contains proteins and DNA (very important acid)

Question 9

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 9

Used to determine our genetic makeup

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

Watery fluid containing food material necessary for cell growth, reproduction, and self repair

Question 11

Cell membrane

Answer 11

Allows substances to enter and leave the cell

Question 12

Mitosis

Answer 12

Process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells (daughter cells)

Question 13

Metabolism

Answer 13

A chemical process that takes place in living organisms. This process allows cells to be nourished and carry out their activities

Question 14

Anabolism

Answer 14

Phase of metabolism: Process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones

Question 15

Catabolism

Answer 15

A phase of metabolism where complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones

Question 16

Tissue

Answer 16

A group of similar cells that perform a certain function

Question 17

Connective tissue

Answer 17

Supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body

Question 18

Adipose tissue

Answer 18

Connective tissue that’s considered fat, and it gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulate the body

Question 19

Epithelial tissue

Answer 19

Protective covering on the surface (ex: the skin, lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands)

Question 20

Muscle tissue

Answer 20

Contracts and moves different parts of the body

Question 21

Nerve tissue

Answer 21

Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions

Question 22

Organs

Answer 22

Structures composed of special tissue to perform a specific functions in plants and animals

Question 23

Brain

Answer 23

An organ that controls the body

Question 24

Eyes

Answer 24

An organ that controls the body’s vision

Question 25

Heart

Answer 25

An organ that circulates blood

Question 26

Kidneys

Answer 26

Organ that excrete water and waste products

Question 27

Lungs

Answer 27

Organ that supply oxygen to the blood

Question 28

Liver

Answer 28

Organ that removes waste created by digestion

Question 29

Skin

Answer 29

Organ. External protective coating that covers the body

Question 30

Stomach

Answer 30

Organ that digest food along with the intestines

Question 31

Intestines

Answer 31

Organ that digest food along with the stomach

Question 32

Body systems

Answer 32

Groups of organs acting together to perform one or more functions

Question 33

Skeletal system

Answer 33

Physical foundation of the body that consists of the bones and movable and immovable joints

Question 34

Muscular system

Answer 34

Covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue. It also contracts and moves various parts of the body

Question 35

Nervous system

Answer 35

Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions. Consist of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 36

Circulatory system

Answer 36

Controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

Question 37

Lymphatic/ Immune system

Answer 37

Protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease causing toxins and bacteria

Question 38

Endocrine System

Answer 38

Affects growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body. It consist of specialized glands

Question 39

Digestive system

Answer 39

Changes food into nutrients and waste. Consist of mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands

Question 40

Excretory System

Answer 40

Purifies the body by elimination of waste matter. Consist of kidneys, liver, skin, intestines, and lungs

Question 41

Respiratory System

Answer 41

Enables breathing, supplies the body with oxygen, and eliminates CO2 as a waste product. Consist of lungs and air passages

Question 42

Integumentary System

Answer 42

Serves as a protective covering for the body and helps in temperature regulation. Consist of skin, oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails

Question 43

Reproductive System

Answer 43

Reproduce and perpetuate the human race