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Milady Cosmo > Chapter 6 Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy -

A

The study of the human body structures that can be seen w the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts

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2
Q

Physiology -

A

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures

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3
Q

Cells -

A

The basic units of all living things

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4
Q

Protoplasm -

A

Colorless jelly-like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.

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5
Q

Nucleus -

A

Dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell; it plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism

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6
Q

Cytoplasm -

A

Watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair. Protoplasm of the cell.

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7
Q

Mitosis -

A

The usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into 2 identical cells called daughter cells

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8
Q

Tissue -

A

Collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

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9
Q

Connective tissue -

A

Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body

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10
Q

Adipose tissue -

A

Technical term for fat, gives smoothness and contour to body while protecting internal organs and insulating body

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11
Q

Epithelial tissue -

A

Protective covering on body surfaces, such as skins, mucous membranes, tissue inside the mouth, lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands.

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12
Q

Muscle tissue -

A

Contracts and moves various parts of the body

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13
Q

Nerve tissue -

A

Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions

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14
Q

Organs -

A

Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals

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15
Q

Body systems -

A

Groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions

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16
Q

Skeletal system -

A

Forms physical foundation of the body

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17
Q

The skeletal system is made up of ____ bones.

A

206

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18
Q

What are the primary of the functions skeletal system:

A
  • Serve as attachments for muscles and acts levers to produce body movement
  • help produce both white and red blood cells
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19
Q

Joint -

A

Connection between 2 or more bones of the skeleton

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of joints?

A

Movable and immovable

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21
Q

Cranium -

A

Oval, bony case that protects the brain

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22
Q

Occipital bone -

A

Hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape

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23
Q

Parietal bones -

A

Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium there are 2

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24
Q

Ethmoid bone -

A

Light spongy bone between the eye sockets; forms part of the nasal cavities

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25
Q

Sphenoid bone -

A

Bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together

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26
Q

Zygomatic bone -

Also known as ___ or ___

A
  • Bones that form the prominence of the cheeks.

* Malar, cheek bones

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27
Q

Humerus -

A

Upper most and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

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28
Q

Ulna -

A

Inner and larger bone in the forearms attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger

29
Q

Radius -

A

Smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb

30
Q

Phalanges -

Also known as ___

A
  • Bones of the fingers or toes, 3 in each finger and 2 in thumb
  • Digits
31
Q

Femur -

A

Heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee

32
Q

Ankle joint is composed of ___ bones.

They are the ____, ____, and ___.

A
  • 3

* Tibia, fibula, talus

33
Q

Tibia -

A

Bone that comes down from the lower leg bone

34
Q

Fibula -

A

Bone that comes down from the lower leg bone

35
Q

Talus -

Also known as ___

A
  • Third bone of ankle joint

* Ankle bone

36
Q

The foot is made up of ___ bones.

Which can be divided into 3 general categories which are_____.

A
  • 26

* Tarsal (7 bones) Metatarsal (5 bones) Phalanges (3 in each toe, 2 in big toe)

37
Q

Origin -

A

Part of the muscle that doesn’t move and is attached closest to the skeleton

38
Q

Belly -

A

Middle part of the muscle

39
Q

Insertion -

A

Part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton

40
Q

Epicranius -

Also known as ___

A

•Broad muscle that covers the top of the skull
and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis
• occipitofrontalis

41
Q

Platysma muscle -

A

Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering jaw and lip

42
Q

Sternocleidomastoideus -

A

Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head

43
Q

Orbicolaris oculi muscle -

A

Ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes

44
Q

Corrugator muscle -

A

Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscle that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

45
Q

Trapezius -

A

Muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm

46
Q

Deltoid -

A

Large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

47
Q

Extensors -

A

Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

48
Q

Abductors -

A

Muscles that draw a body part away from the midline of the body or of an extremity

49
Q

Adductors -

A

Muscles that draw a body part inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity

50
Q

Nervous system -

A

Well-organized body system, composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that are responsible for controlling and coordinating all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently

51
Q

The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is know as ______.

A

Neurology

52
Q

Central nervous system (cns) -

A

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves. Controls consciousness and many mental activities, function of the 5 senses, and voluntary muscle actions including all body movements and facial expressions

53
Q

Brain -

A

Part of the cns contained in the cranium. Largest and most complex organization of nerve tissue and controls sensation, muscles, activity of glands, and the power to think, sense, and feel

54
Q

Nerve -

A

Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted to all parts of the body.

55
Q

Largest of the cranial nerves is the _______, also known as ______ or _____.

A

• Fifth cranial nerve
•Trifacial nerve
•Trigeminal nerve
Chief sensory nerve of face and serves as motor nerves of muscles that control chewing

56
Q

Sural nerve -

A

Supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg

57
Q

Pulmonary circulation -

A

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the heart so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body

58
Q

Arteries -

A

Thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles

59
Q

The largest artery in the body is the _____.

A

Aorta

60
Q

Capillaries -

A

Tiny thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venules, they bring nutrients to cells and carry away waste materials

61
Q

Venules -

A

Small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins, collect blood from capillaries and drain into veins

62
Q

Blood-

A

Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and internets to cells and issues to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

63
Q

Approximately how many pints of blood are in the woman body?

A

8-10 pints of blood

64
Q

Lymphatic/ immune system -

A

Made up of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels. Carries waste and impurities away from the cells and protects the body from disease by developing immunities ano destroying disease-causing microorganisms

65
Q

Lymph -

A

Clear fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces of the body. Carries wastes and impurities away from the cells before it’s routed back to the circulatory system

66
Q

Endocrine glands -

Also known as ______

A
  • Release hormonal secretions directly into the blood stream

* Ductless glands such as thyroid and pituitary glands

67
Q

Hormones -

A

Are secretions such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen, that stimulate functional activity or other secretions in the body

68
Q

Thyroid gland -

A

Controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones

Milady Cosmo (1 decks)

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