Chapter 6 and 7 Flashcards
define heterotroph
an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources (human)
Define autotroph
primary producers, make their own food (plants)
define cellular respiration
transfers energy from the bonds in glucose to ATP (produces 32 ATP molecules from each glucose molecule)
define photosynthesis
process by which certain organisms capture energy from the sunlight and convert this solar energy to chemical energy that is initially stored in a carbohydrate.
equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP
equation for photosynthesis
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2.
Which organisms photosynthesize?
photoautotrophs (EX: Plants, algae, and a group of bacteria called cyanobacteria)
Which organisms go through cellular respiration?
all living things (EX: animals, plants, and fungi, and also in algae and other protists)
In a plant, where do the reactants for photosynthesis come from?
air and soil (H20 and CO2)
Objects absorb and reflect light. Does the absorbed or reflected light determine the object’s color?
The reflected light determines the objects color
Plants use ________________________ to absorb light.
chlorophyll
ATP, NADPH, NADH, FADH2 are all energy carriers. Which energy carrier is used by most
enzymes in the cell?
ATP
Name two cellular activities fueled by ATP
Active Transport and Calvin Cycle
Name one cellular activity fueled by NADPH.
Calvin Cycle
Define anaerobic and aerobic.
Anaerobic- condition without oxygen
Aerobic- condition with oxygen
What happens to Cellular Respiration when oxygen is not around?
fermentation occurs
Why is fermentation important?
Fermentation enables cells to produce chemical energy from the breakdown of sugar, e.g. glucose, without the help of oxygen
Review Diabetes, blood cells, etc. and other topics discussed in class.
Diabetes is when insulin is either not present or not used properly, which does not allow glucose to be transported into cells.
Which type of organisms do photosynthesis? Which type of organisms do cellular
respiration?
Photosynthesis is only done in cells that contain chlorophyll, either in the cell membrane or in the chloroplast. Cells that can do photosynthesis include all plant cells, algae, and some bacteria. All cells do cellular respiration to make ATP.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration –Draw a cell with a chloroplast and
mitochondria. Diagram the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and
indicate where the steps take place. Include light reaction, Calvin cycle (dark reactions),
glycolysis, preparatory reactions for Citric Acid Cycle or production of acetyl CoA, Citric
Acid Cycle (aka Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. Show the path the electron
takes. Include how H+, ATP, NADPH, H2O, CO2, NADH, and FADH2 are involved. Which of
these steps require oxygen?
see study guide
What is the most important role of photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem?
a) converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds
b) absorbing solar radiation
c) producing organic detritus for decomposers
d) dissipating heat
e) recycling energy from other trophic levels
A) converting inorganic compounds into organic compounds
