Chapter 6: Attempts To Establish A Constitutional Monarchy

Question 1

New details of law

Answer 1

Single legal system (rather than old disorganisation)
New system of law courts
Punishments restricted
Gioitene for everyone
Judges + magistrates elected
Criminal cases tried infront of jury

Question 2

Opposition to new law and why

Answer 2

Nobles - used to have the power within the legal system

Question 3

What was new about finance and economy?

Answer 3

Many taxes restricted or abolished
Free trade of grain
Le Chapilier Law (trades unions + strikes illegal)
Church property sold (25% of all french land)
Nobles who fled property sold (emigrés)
Assignats: new currency bc of inflation

Question 4

Opposition to new finance and economy, and why?

Answer 4

Urban workers - less worker rights
Church - loose independence + land
Nobles - lost property + restricted movement
Bourgeoisie - new currency harms them

Question 5

Who opposed new national politics, and why?

Answer 5

Peasants + urban workers - poor
King - less power

Question 6

How was local government divided and run?

Answer 6

83 départemonts
Divided more equally

Run by elected councils (active citizens)

Question 7

Who opposed new local government and why?

Answer 7

Nobles - were previously in charge

Question 8

What was new about national politics?

Answer 8

Constitutional monarchy (king and elected assembly)
King has 4 year veto on new law (shows NCA didn’t want rid of monarchy)
Voting restrictions to active citizens (not passive)
Pay to stand off office, more for deputies

Question 9

What was new about religion?

Answer 9

Clergy elected (civil constitution of the clergy)
Church reorganised
Protestants + Jews have more civil rights

Question 10

When was the constitution presented to the king?
When did he agree to it?

Answer 10

August 1789
September 1791

Question 11

Why did the NCA dissolve itself?
What replaced it?
Who did this consist of?

Answer 11

AIM to create a constitution achieved
Legislative Assembly
Many NCA members re-elected by active citizens

Question 12

Pros of new constitution for clergy

Answer 12

Progressive forms of punishment

Question 13

Cons of new constitution for clergy

Answer 13

Payed by gov, so gov officials
Equal taxes (less taxes to the church)
83 instead of 135 bishops (for each departemént, lost jobs)
Church property sold

Question 14

Pros of new constitution for aristocracy

Answer 14

Could run for office
Progressive forms of punishment

Question 15

Cons of new constitution for clergy

Answer 15

Emegre property sold

Question 16

Pros of new constitution for Bourgeoisie

Answer 16

Can vote
Limited workers rights - they are the employers, profits increase)
Could run for office
Guillotine for everyone
Progressive forms of punishments

Question 17

Pros of new constitution for urban workers or sans culottes

Answer 17

More equal taxes
Free trade of grain (rely on crops form outside urban areas)
Guillotine for everyone
Progressive forms of punishment

Question 18

Cons of new constitution for Bourgeoisie

Answer 18

Still can’t vote
Still can’t get high rank jobs due to lack of education

Question 19

Who I thought the rev hadn’t gone far enough, why?

Answer 19

Minority of deputies (Bourgeoisie) including Robespierre + Danton

Criticised active and passive citizens diff
Questioned if king could ever reconcile with rev

Question 20

Support base for the rev not going far enough

Answer 20

Backed by poorer sections of urban society (sans culottes)
Often not active citizens
Resented ‘free-market’ economies

Question 21

Who I thought the rev had gone just far enough, why?

Answer 21

Most of Constituent Assembly (known as patriots)
Principle spokesmen: Lafayette + Mirabeau

Supported const and rev
Worried about violence in Paris caused by rev

Question 22

Support base for the rev going just far enough

Answer 22

Paris national guard (excluded poorer people as had to but uniforms)

Question 23

Who thought the rev had gone too far, why?

Answer 23

Noble reps in estates-general who refused to join tennis court oath (noires)

Some fled abroad
Some kept quiet at their country estates

Question 24

Support base for the rev going too far

Answer 24

Increasing support + nos from peasantry

Catholics disturbing their traditional way of life

Question 25

What was the purpose of the Civil Constitution of the Clery?

Answer 25

Complete the destruction of monastic orders (monks, nuns)

Question 26

Who supported/opposed the Covid Constitution of the Clergy?

Answer 26

Figures within church (surprisingly): Priest and parliamentarian Daunou Rev priest Grégoire Louis opposed, ultimately acquiesced

Question 27

What happened prior to the Civil Constitution relating to the church?

Answer 27

•Aug 4, 1789, tithes abolished •Nov 2, 1789, Catholic Church property nationalised •Feb 13, 1790, monastic vows forbidden, ecclesiastical orders + congregations (charities) dissolved, except schools and nursings for sick •Apr 19, 1790, remaining church property transferred to state

Question 28

Motivation of the Civil Constitution

Answer 28

Church land = 10-15% Church collected tithes Resentment for church: atheism, anticlericalism, anti-Catholicism Viewed as retrograde force (backwards)

Question 29

When was the Civil Constitution passed? Significance of the date

Answer 29

July 12, 1790 2 days before Bastille day: officiated in ‘altar of the rev’ on the Champ-de-Mars (massacre), calling down God’s blessing on the rev

Question 30

What changes did the Civil Constitution make?

Answer 30

•83 bishops for each departement (135) •Bishops + priests elected locally, loyalty oath to court •Electors didn’t have to be Catholic •Pope influence reduced: only had right to be informed of election results

Question 31

How was the signing of the Civil Constitution delayed?

Answer 31

•Louis said needed “official word form Rome” •July 9, 1790, Pope rejects const •Louis later writes to Pope saying NA forcing him to public ally accept, chose to put of signing law •Louis granted public assent dec 26, 1790

Question 32

Who were the jurors and non-jurors?

Answer 32

Jurors = those who took the oath, 7 bishops, 1/2 clergy took oath Non-jurors/refractory priests = those who refused the oath, countryside, west

Question 33

Who resented the civil Constitution?

Answer 33

Religious peasants Pope refused jurors

Question 34

What were non-juror priests banned from? What could they continue to do? Who was violent towards who?

Answer 34

•Public preaching, Feb 5, 1791 •Continued performing masses + attracting crowds •Extreme anticlericals against attendees of masses + nuns who didn’t renounce their vocation “Constitutional” priests (jurors) also saw violence

Question 35

How did the assembly reverse itself?

Answer 35

May 7. 1791 Non-juror priests COULD say mass + have services in other churches But must respect the laws + not stir a revolt against Civil Constitution

Question 36

After the assembly reversed itself on May 7, 1791, what continued? What did this cause?

Answer 36

Violence on all sides Nov 29, 1791, LA decreed refractory priests be arrested

Question 37

Why had the Civil Constitution provoked opposition within France in the years 1790 to 91?

Answer 37

Independence of the church The king’s role Clergy split by the oath

Question 38

Civil constitution: How did the independence of the church provoke opposition within France 1790-91?

Answer 38

Clergy to be elected by active citizens Clergy to be payed by gov. on fixed salary Taxes to church ended (=> jobs lost) Church reorganised like departements (=> jobs lost) Pope individual power dwindles Loyalty oath to be signed to constitution

Question 39

Civil constitution: How did the role of the king provoke opposition within France 1790-91?

Answer 39

King very Catholic, but devine right and pipe power dwindles Power limited by changes to church Veto on new, laws politically damaging when used King still governs Takes 2 years to sign, no strong choices Forced to sign

Question 40

Civil constitution: How did the clergy split by the oath provoke opposition within France 1790-91?

Answer 40

7/83 bishops, 1/2 clergy = minority jurors (signed) Clergy couldn’t decide on status of non-jurors: June 9 1790, banned from public preaching, May 7 1791, could say mass and do devices Clergy if any religion could be elected Right + left wing: celebrate king or not Violence continued: 29 Nov 1791, refractory priests to be arrested