chapter 6: bone structure and functions

Question 0

short bones

Answer 0

almost equal in length and width. somewhat cube shaped. ex:wrist and ankle

Question 1

long bones

Answer 1

longer than they are wide. ex: femor, humorous,& phalanges

Question 2

flat bones

Answer 2

thin and flat. offer protection and considerable surface for muscle attachment. ex: cranial bones, ribs,sternum, and scapula

Question 3

irregular bones

Answer 3

complex or unusual shapes and include vertebrae and some facial bones

Question 4

epiphyses

Answer 4

enlarged proximal and distal ends of long bones

Question 5

diaphysis

Answer 5

middle shaft area. main portion of bone

Question 6

metaphyses

Answer 6

areas in adult bone where the epiphyses and diaphysis join

Question 7

articular cartilage

Answer 7

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyseal ends at an articulation point with another bone

Question 7

periosteum

Answer 7

tough, dense irregular connective tissue on the outer surface of the bone

Question 8

medullary cavity

Answer 8

space within the diaphysis; contains the fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

Question 9

endosteum

Answer 9

thin membrane lining of the medullary canal which contains osteoblasts(bone forming cell)

Question 10

four types of bones

Answer 10

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 11

types of cells found in bone tissue Include..

Answer 11

osteoblasts, osteocytes, & osteoclasts

Question 12

osteoblasts

Answer 12

build bone

Question 13

osteoclasts

Answer 13

break down and remodel bone

Question 14

osteocytes

Answer 14

mature bone cells which maintain bone

Question 15

types of connective tissue involved in skeletal system include…

Answer 15

cartilage, dense connective tissue, and osseous tissue

Question 16

the structural units of spongy/cancellous bone are…

Answer 16

trabeculae: an irregular latticework of thin columns of bone.

Question 17

compact bone tissue is..

Answer 17

very dense and forms the external layer of all bones

Question 18

compact bone tissue provides..

Answer 18

protection and support and aids in the stress of weight bearing

Question 19

nutrient vessels

Answer 19

penetrate compact bone through perforating canals and are connected to those of the central canals

Question 20

central canals

Answer 20

rub lengthwise and are surrounded by the concentric lamellae

Question 21

lamellae

Answer 21

contain small spaces called lacunae which contain the osteocytes

Question 22

spongy bone tissue

Answer 22

doesn’t contain true osteons. composed of irregular latticework of the played of bones called trabeculae

Question 23

bone formation

Answer 23

behind with osteogenic cells. arise from mesenchymal connective tissue

Question 24

osteogenic cells

Answer 24

give rise to osteoblasts

Question 25

epiphyseal plate

Answer 25

cartilage that exists between the epiphysis and diaphysis. permits growth of bones in length until adulthood

Question 26

mechanical stresses

Answer 26

result from the pull of skeletal muscles and the pull of gravity

Question 27

adult human skeleton

Answer 27

consists of 206 bones in two principal divisions

Question 28

axial skeleton

Answer 28

composed of 80 bones

Question 29

appendicular skeleton

Answer 29

consists of 126 bones

Question 30

paranasal sinuses

Answer 30

produce mucus and serve as resonating & air warming chambers

Question 31

name the facials

Answer 31

``` front-1 parietal-2 occipital-1 temporal-2 sphenoid-1 ethmoid-1 ```

Question 32

name the sutures

Answer 32

coronal sagittal lambdoidal squamous

Question 33

what is the hyoid bone

Answer 33

does not articulate with any other bone in the body. acts as attachment sites for several muscles

Question 34

how many bones are in the vertebral column?

Answer 34

26 bones, 5 regions

Question 35

what is he sternum?

Answer 35

composed of three parts; the manubrium, body. and the xiphoid process

Question 36

true ribs

Answer 36

first seven pairs of ribs

Question 37

false ribs

Answer 37

remaining 5 pairs of ribs

Question 38

pelvic girdle

Answer 38

two hip bones. provides a strong and stable support for the lower extremities on which the weight of the body is carried

Question 39

how many bones are composed in the lower extremities?

Answer 39

30 bones (60 in total)

Question 40

what minerals are responsible for making bones hard?

Answer 40

calcium and phosphorus

Question 41

what is the soft spot on a babies head?

Answer 41

fontanels

Question 42

what bone is the mastoid process in

Answer 42

temporal

Question 43

where would you find the spinous process

Answer 43

in the vetebrae