Chapter 6 Building and New National Identity

Question 1

Aaron Burr

Answer 1

In the U.S. election of 1800, he was nominated as the Republican candidate for vice president. Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

Question 2

Dolly Madison

Answer 2

wife of , James Madison. Acted as a hostess at official White House events, since President Jefferson was a widower

Question 3

James Madison

Answer 3

the fourth U.S. President, and he spent much of his first years in office dealing with the ongoing conflict between Great Britain and France. He then led the country through the War of 1812

Question 4

James Monroe

Answer 4

the fifth president of the United States, and issued a statement telling European powers to stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 5

Meriwether Lewis

Answer 5

born in 1774, was one of the leaders of an expedition that explored the Louisiana Territory from 1804 to 1806. Served as President Jefferson’s personal secretary

Question 6

William Clark

Answer 6

born in 1770, was one of the leaders of the expedition that explored the Louisiana Territory from 1804 to 1806. Served as Co- Commander of the expedition

Question 7

Sacagawea

Answer 7

born in approximately 1788, was an interpreter on the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Shoshone- Native American tribe that assisted the Corps of Discovery find their way to the
pacific ocean

Question 8

The Louisiana Territory

Answer 8

a wide strip of land west of the Mississippi River. It stretched from the mouth of the Mississippi north to what is today the southern Canadian border.

Question 9

The Barbary Wars

Answer 9

two naval engagements between the United States and the Barbary States of Tripoli and Algiers. The wars were fought because of attacks on U.S. merchant ships in the Mediterranean by Barbary pirates.

Question 10

Agrarian

Answer 10

agricultural, societies that relied on farming to provide food.

Question 11

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 11

which created the U.S. District Courts and U.S. Courts of Appeals.

Question 12

The Judiciary Act of 1801

Answer 12

evidence of the hostility between the Federalists and the
Democratic-Republicans.The act increased the number of judges in the U.S. court system

Question 13

The national debt

Answer 13

the amount of money that a nation owes.

Question 14

the states’ rights doctrine-

Answer 14

the theory that the powers of states are supreme over the powers of the federal government.

Question 15

Judicial review

Answer 15

the principle that the Supreme Court has the power to declare a federal law unconstitutional.

Question 16

Andrew Jackson

Answer 16

the seventh president of the United States, When he became president, he enacted policies that he believed helped ordinary citizens. However, he also took away the rights of Native Americans.

Question 17

Francis Scott Key

Answer 17

born in 1779, was an American lawyer. He is most famous for writing “The Star-Spangled Banner” after watching a battle during the War of 1812.

Question 18

Oliver Hazard Perry

Answer 18

led a squadron of 10 small ships against 6 British warships on Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes. He defeated the enemy quickly by sailing directly into the line of British ships. He is famous for his report of that victory: “We have met the enemy, and they are ours.”
Perry’s victory at Lake Erie helped the United States maintain control of the Northwest during the war and made him a national hero.

Question 19

Tecumseh

Answer 19

a Shawnee Chief, strongly objected to the treaties some Native Americans in the region had signed with white settlers, because he believed the land was shared among all people. So no one had the right to give it away

Question 20

William Henry Harrison

Answer 20

was the ninth president of the United States, on Inauguration Day, Harrison gave a long speech outdoors on a freezing-cold day, and then he caught a cold that turned into pneumonia. A month later, he died from the disease.

Question 21

Winfield Scott

Answer 21

oversaw the moving of Native Americans from the Southeast to a U.S. territory reserved for Native Americans.He became the commanding general of the U.S. army in 1841 and held that position when the Mexican War began in 1846. He led the American troops that marched to victory several times from Veracruz to Mexico City. That campaign helped the United States win the war, and he became a national hero.In 1852 he ran as the Whig candidate for president, but he lost the election to Franklin Pierce

Question 22

The Battle of New Orleans

Answer 22

began on January 8, 1815. Though the battle lasted just half an hour, the British suffered an astonishing 2,000 casualties, while the American wounded and dead numbered just 71. Jackson’s forces had won a quick and decisive victory. Neither Commander knew the war had been over for two weeks.

Question 23

Battle of Plattsburgh

Answer 23

On September 11, 1814, a group of about 4,000 Americans under the command of General Alexander Macomb defeated an estimated 14,000 British troops in upstate New York.

Question 24

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 24

April 27, 1813. a bloody affair that pitted an American naval commander and an American infantry commander against British forces in Canada. The goal was to isolate Upper Canada to clear the way for an assault on the city of Montreal.

Question 25

The Treaty of Ghent

Answer 25

the agreement that ended the War of 1812

Question 26

The War of 1812

Answer 26

was a war between the United States and Great Britain that began in 1812 and ended in 1815.

Question 27

War Hawks

Answer 27

often used to describe people who support war or military action.

Question 28

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 28

was to create a government for the NW territory and establish a path to statehood.

Question 29

Non-Intercourse Act

Answer 29

permitted U.S. trade with all nations except Great Britain and France. Impressment- the practice of forcing unwilling men to join military or naval service.

Question 30

Embargo act

Answer 30

which banned all American ships from leaving port to engage in foreign trade

Question 31

Embargo

Answer 31

a law that is passed to prohibit trade with a particular nation or nations

Question 32

John Jay

Answer 32

the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court

Question 33

John Quincy Adams

Answer 33

the sixth president of the United States. After the War of 1812, Adams led the delegation of Americans who signed the Treaty of Ghent to end the war.In the 1824 presidential election, none of the candidates received a majority of votes, so the House of Representatives chose the winner

Question 34

Oregon country

Answer 34

the Pacific Northwest territory that was jointly controlled by the United States and Great Britain from 1818 to 1846

Question 35

The First Seminole War

Answer 35

a conflict that took place in 1817 and 1818 between the Seminole people of Florida and American troops led by Andrew Jackson. At the time, Florida was controlled by Spain, and the Seminole were a Native American nation living in the region. The Seminole were known for providing a safe haven for escaped slaves from the Southern states.

Question 36

The Monroe Doctrine

Answer 36

a policy that stated that the United States would not allow any European countries to establish colonies or use force in North or South America.

Question 37

The Rush-Bagot Agreement

Answer 37

an understanding spelled out in an exchange of letters in 1817 between U.S. Acting Secretary of State Richard Rush and British Minister Charles Bagot. In these letters, the United States and Great Britain agreed to a major reduction in the number of naval vessels patrolling the Great Lakes. Each country would be allowed just one ship on Lake Ontario and one ship on Lake Champlain. Two ships per country would be allowed on Lakes Erie, Huron, and Superior. Both nations also agreed to a weight limit of 100 tons and one 18-pound cannon per ship.

Question 38

The Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 38

Agreement the resulted in the US taking possession of Florida

Question 39

The Convention of 1818

Answer 39

At this meeting the two nations made several agreements. First, they agreed that the border between Canada and the United States would be established at 49 degrees north latitude, from the Lake of the Woods in current-day Minnesota to the Rocky Mountains. Second, they agreed that they would jointly own the Oregon Territory, which had previously been a source of conflict. Finally, at the Convention of 1818, Great Britain also agreed to give the United States some fishing rights near the coast of Newfoundland.

Question 40

Nationalism

Answer 40

loyalty and devotion to a nation,

Question 41

Daniel Boone

Answer 41

He found the Cumberland Gap, a natural break in the Appalachian Mountains that had probably been used by Native Americans to travel to what is now Kentucky.

Question 42

Henry Clay

Answer 42

the Great Compromiser

Question 43

pioneer

Answer 43

a person who is one of the first to do something new

Question 44

The Seminole

Answer 44

a Native American people whose 27,000 descendants live in the states of Florida and Oklahoma

Question 45

The Erie Canal

Answer 45

played a pivotal role in westward expansion and the economic growth of New York State. The canal stretches for 363 miles, linking the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. To move boats through the many different elevations along the canal's path, engineers designed 83 stone locks. Eighteen aqueducts were constructed to enable the canal to cross bodies of water.

Question 46

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Answer 46

the decisive military action in the Creek War.

Question 47

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 47

The U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling that upheld the power of the federal government to regulate trade among the states

Question 48

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 48

President Thomas Jefferson bought 828,000 square miles of land from France for 15 million dollars, opening up broad expanses of new territory. This historic purchase more than doubled the size of the United States.

Question 49

Tariff of 1816

Answer 49

A tariff is a duty, or tax, imposed by a country on imported and, in some cases, exported goods.The American government realized after the War of 1812 that the United States had to become economically independent from Great Britain. In order to do so, the United States had to establish its own manufacturing industries. To pay for them, the government imposed a tariff on all imported goods.

Question 50

American System

Answer 50

the phrase that Henry Clay used to describe the U.S. government's efforts in the early 1800s to support the economy. The goal of this plan was to improve three different parts of the economy: agriculture, commerce, and industry.

Question 51

The National Road

Answer 51

the beginning of what would eventually become the U.S. interstate highway system. In 1806, Congress appropriated funds to build a road from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling, Virginia.

Question 52

The 2nd bank of the United States

Answer 52

the bank's president, Biddle wielded a great deal of political influence, which irritated Andrew Jackson, who was the U.S. president at the time. Jackson was further angered by the bank's unwillingness to fund expansion into the Western Territories. The resulting disputes between Jackson, Biddle, and the Congress were known as the "Bank War."