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NURS 332 > Chapter 6: Communicable and Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Communicable and Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most effective way to control infections?

A

hand hygiene

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2
Q

What are the 3 different transmission-based precautions, and what communicable diseases fall under each category?

A
  1. airborne – MTV (measles, varicella, TB)
  2. droplet – FPP (flu, pneumonia, pertussis)
  3. contact – RSV, C. diff, MRSA, rotavirus, impetigo, pediculosis, scabies
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3
Q

What is immunity?

A

inherited or acquired; individual is resistant to a specific disease

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4
Q

What is vaccination?

A

administration of a vaccine or toxoid

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5
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

condition when the majority of the population is vaccinated and the spread of certain diseases is stopped; those vaccinated protect those in the population who aren’t vaccinated

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6
Q

Which vaccines for pediatrics are administered as live vaccines?

2 vaccines

A
  • measles
  • varicella
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7
Q

What is important to note about administration of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine?

A

administered in a separate syringe and at a different site from all other vaccines if being given at the same time

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8
Q

Which vaccines are given subq?

4 vaccines

A
  • varicella
  • MMR
  • Polio
  • pneumococcal meningitis
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9
Q

Which vaccines are given orally?

1 vaccine

A

rotovirus

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10
Q

Which vaccines are given IM?

6 vaccines

A
  • Tdap
  • Hep A
  • Hep B
  • Hib
  • flu
  • HPV
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11
Q

What are the 6 contraindications for vaccine administration?

A
  • severe febrile illness – cold is NOT contraindicated unless child has a high fever
  • immunocompromised child/household member
  • recently acquired passive immunity (blood transfusion, immunoglobulin, maternal)
  • known allergy
  • parental fears, misinformation, questions
  • religious beliefs
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12
Q

What are prodromal symptoms?

A

symptoms that occur between early manifestations of the disease and overt clinical syndrome

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13
Q

What is the primary prevention method of disease?

A

immunizations

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14
Q

What is conjunctivitis? How do newborns and children contract it?

A
  • conjunctivitis: pink eye
  • newborns:
    1. Chlamydia trachomatis
    2. Neisseria gonorrheae
    3. chemical (24 hr after birth)
    4. blocked tear ducts
  • children:
  • viral
  • bacterial – classic symptomology (red eye, goopy tear duct, unilateral or bilateral)
  • allergic reaction – clear drainage, itchy eyes, bilateral
  • foreign body
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15
Q

What is stomatitis? What are some things that fall under this category?

A
  • stomatitis: inflammation of oral mucosa (cheek, lip, tongue, gingiva, palate, floor of mouth)
  • under stomatitis:
    – aphthous ulcers
    – HSV
    – hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)
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16
Q

What are the nursing priorities for stomatitis?

3 priorities

A
  • relieve pain (tylenol, ibuprofen)
  • prevent spread
  • hydrate
17
Q

What are 2 types of intestinal parasites?

A
  • helminths (worms)
  • protozoa
18
Q

How are helminths (pinworms, specifically) transmitted? What are the symptoms? How is it treated?

A

– transmission:
* eggs ingested or inhaled – hand to mouth
* classrooms and daycare are usually common places to pick up

– symptoms: intense itching

– treatment:
* meds – Pin-Rid, Antiminth

19
Q

What are the 3 nursing priorities for protozoa (specifically Giardiasis)?

A
  • tape test to identify parasite
  • educate about diaper changes
  • meds – Flagyl
20
Q

What is impetigo? How does it present in children?

A
  • skin infection caused by staphylococcus
  • starts off as a reddish macule –> vesicular –> dry up and look like honey-colored crusts
  • usually on the face
  • itchy
  • contagious
21
Q

How is impetigo treated?

A

topical mupirocin (Bacitran) or oral antibiotics if severe

22
Q

What are tinea infections?

A
  • fungal skin infections
  • transmit from person to person or from animal to human
23
Q

What are Candidiasis infections?

A
  • fungal infection caused by Candidiasis fungi
  • moisture is usually involved
  • treat by keeping the area dry – powders can help
  • yeast infections – treat with fluconasol
24
Q

What are mycotic infections? How does it usually present in children?

A

– mycotic infections:
* fungal infections that are much more severe than topical fungal infections – systemic infections
* affect skin, viscera, and lungs

– appearance:
* granulomatous ulcers
* plaques
* nodules
* fungating masses or abscesses

25
Q

How are mycotic infections treated?

A

heavy duty antifungal medications IV

26
Q

What are scabies? How does it present? What is its progression?

A
  • scabies: caused by a scabies mite; females burrow into the epidermis and deposit eggs and feces

– presentation:
* very itchy
* usually in skin folds or at the wrists

– progression:
* inflammation occurs 30 - 60 days after burrowing of mite

27
Q

How are scabies treated?

A
  • topical meds – Permethrin
  • PO meds – Ivermectin if body weight is > 15 kg
  • treat anyone who has been in contact with pt in last 30 - 60 days prophylactically
28
Q

What is pediculosis capitus? How does it usually present in children?

A
  • head lice
  • very common in school-age children
  • female louses live 30 days
  • females lay eggs at base of hair shaft
  • eggs hatch in 7 - 10 days
  • presentation = scalp itching
29
Q

How is pediculosis capitis treated?

A
  • meds – pediculicides and special shampoos
  • removal of nits (eggs)
  • treatment of anything that the scalp has come into contact with in the last 30 days
  • affected children stay home from school
  • head lice checks at schools
30
Q

What is lyme disease? How does it usually present in children?

A
  • transmitted from tick bite
  • 3 stages of illness, but diagnosed by a characteristic rash (erythema migrans) that looks like a bullseye
31
Q

How is lyme disease treated?

A
  • antibiotics – doxycycline, amoxicillin, ceferoxine
  • wear long sleeves in potentially infected areas
  • wear light colored clothing
  • tuck shirt into pants
32
Q

What is diaper dermatitis? Which age group is more commonly affected? How is it treated?

A
  • diaper dermatitis: rash caused directly or indirectly by wearing diapers –> prolonged contact with irritant
  • more common in infants, specifically bottle-fed infants (stools may be more irritating to skin)

– treatment:
* keep skin dry
* change diapers frequently
* apply ointment to protect skin
* use special diapers that prevent dermatitis

NURS 332 (13 decks)

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