Chapter 6 Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is the 4 things for standard precautions?

Answer 1

Barrier protection ( gloves )
Respiratory hygiene: cough etiquette
Safe injection practices
Hand hygiene

Question 2

What is airborne precautions? (2)

Answer 2

Small particle or evaporated droplets or dust
Negative pressure isolated room

Question 3

What is droplet precautions?

Answer 3

Large particle droplets
( sneeze, cough, speech, cry )

Question 4

What is contact precautions?

Answer 4

Gloves
Gown
Masks

Question 5

What is the nurses role in communicable diseases ? (3)

Answer 5

Appropriate preventive measures

Familiar with infectious agents

Recognize potential disease

Question 6

What type of questions will we ask for suspicion of communicable disease? (5)

Answer 6

Known exposure?
Community exposure?
Immunization?
History?
History of risk factors ?

Question 7

What are the 3 prodromal symptoms typically for diseases?

Answer 7

Fever
Rash
Early clinical manifestations

Question 8

Diphtheria
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations : (5)
Treatment (3)
Precautions :

Answer 8

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Direct contact
Upper respiratory infections ; bulls neck ; white/grey mucous membranes ; fever ; cough

Antibiotics, bed rest and support

Droplet

Question 9

Chicken pox ( varicella )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
Prodromal stage (2)
Pruritic rash begins as macular ->
Rash is typically centripetal ->
Treatment:

Precautions :
( child is contagious a day before rash appears and until vesicles are crusted )

Prevention:

Answer 9

Varicella-zoster virus

Direct contact & respiratory secretions

Slight fever & malaise
Vesicle then erupts
Extremities & face

Supportive

Standard

Secondary skin infection & complications

Question 10

Erythema Infectious ( fifth disease )
Agent :
Transmission : (2)
Clinical manifestations (4)
( how many days ?!)
Treatment :
Precautions :

Answer 10

Human herpesvirus type 6

Droplets or direct contact

Persistent fever for 3-7 days
Slapped cheek appearance
MILD URI & cough

Supportive care

Standard

Question 11

Measles ( Rubeola )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestation
Prodromal stage (2)
Then goes to (3)

Main characteristic ?
Rash appears on day what to ?

Treatment (3)
Precautions -> until day 5 of rash

Answer 11

Viral
Direct contact from respiratory system

Fever & malaise

Coryza, cough, conjunctivitis

Koplick spots on mucosa

3-4days

Antibiotics, bed rest and support

Airborne until day 5 of rash

Question 12

Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
Catarrhal stage :
Paroxysmal stage : 4-6 weeks of ?

Treatment:

Supportive during hospitalization with suction, humidity and careful with oral feeding and hydration

Precautions :

Answer 12

Bordetella Pertussis

Direct contact from droplets

URI symptoms from 1-2weeks
short rapid cough, wigh high pitch crowing ( whoop )

Prevention

Droplet

Question 13

Rubella ( German Measles )
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations : (5)
Treatment :
Precautions :

Answer 13

Rubella virus
Direct contact from droplets

Low grade fever, headache, malaise, sore throat, RASH

Supportive care

Droplet

Question 14

Scarlet fever
Agent :
Transmission :
Clinical manifestations
- Prodromal stage (2)
Enanthema : (4)
Exanthema :

Treatment : (2)
Precautions :

Answer 14

Group A beta hemolytic Streptoccoci
Direct contact from droplets

Abrupt high fever, halitosis

Tonsils large, exematous covered with pus, strawberry tongue

Sandpaper like pink rash

Penicillin and supportive care

Droplet until 24hours of ABX

Question 15

Influenza (flu)
Agent:
Transmission:
Clinical manifestations (4)

Treatment: (3)

Precautions:

Answer 15

Influenza virus

Direct contact

Abrupt fever, URI symptoms, malaise, anorexia

Prevention, antiviral treatment, supportive care

Droplet

Question 16

Pneumococcal disease
Agent:
Transmission:
Clinical manifestations(4)
Treatment: (3)
Precautions:

Answer 16

Streptococcal pneumococci

Direct contact affecting children under 2 years most commonly

Pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, localized infections

Prevention, antibiotics, supportive care

Droplet

Question 17

Nonvaccine communicable diseases are like?

Conjunctivitis

Nursing managements are?

Answer 17

Contact precautions
Keep eye clean and dry
Administer ophthalmic medications
Comfort and supportive care
Educate caregivers
Prevent spread of infection

Question 18

Communicable diseases
Stomatitis
Two types are ?

What is the goal?
How do we do this ^ (2)

Prevent spread of illness by ? (2)

Answer 18

Aphthous ulcers
Herpetic gingivostomatisis

relive pain

NSAIDS
Topical anesthetic

Oral transmission
Hand washing

Question 19

Intestinal parasites are known as ?
Who is at highest risk?
What are the 2 most common?

Answer 19

The most frequent infections worldwide
Young children

Giardiasis
Pinworms

Question 20

Nursing management
For intestinal parasites

Giardiasis
Pinworms

(4)

Answer 20

Assist with identification, treatment, and prevention

Fecal smears are diagnostic

Treated family members

Provide education and support

Question 21

Giardiasis
Agent :
Transmission
Treatment :

Answer 21

Protozoan giardia intestinalis

Direct contact with contaminated food/water

Flagyl/ Tindamax & prevention

Question 22

Enterobiasis (pinworms)

Agent
Transmission
DX
Treatment

Answer 22

Nematode enterobius vermicularis

Inhalation or ingeststion of eggs from contaminated hands

tape test

Pyrantel pamoate or albendazole

Question 23

What are the two bacterial skin agents?
Transmission?
Treatment ? (3)

Notes
MRSA is on the rise
Impetigo
Folliculitis
Cellulitis
Scalded skin syndrome

Answer 23

Staphylococcus and streptococcus

Invasion of toxicity in cut skin

Topical ABX
Hand washing
Dilute bleach bath

Question 24

Viral skin infections
Agent :
Transmission :
Treatment :(3)

Notes
Disorders are
Verruca: warts
Herpes
Varicella
Molluscum

Answer 24

Viruses
Invasion and toxicity in susceptible skin or oropharyngeal mucosa following contact with droplets

Antiviral medications for HSV
Hand washing
Destruction of warts

Question 25

What are the 3 typical fungal skin infection agents? Transmission? ( also possible from animals ) DX Treatment (2) Notes Disorders like Tinea capitis scalp Tinea corporis body Tinea cruris groin Tinea pedis feet Thrush Candidaisis

Answer 25

Dematiohystoses Tinea Candidia Invasion in skin, hair, nails or corneum Microscopic exam Systemic antifungal or topical

Question 26

Scabies Infestation agent Transmission Clinical manifestations (3) Treatment (3)

Answer 26

Sarcopetes scabiei Prolonged close personal contact where the mite burrows into the epidermis and deposits eggs Intense pruritus Excoriation/burrows Discrete inflammation between finger webs, neck folds and groin Scabicide ( 2 month of older ) Hygiene with high heat Supportive care

Question 27

Lice ( pediculosis capitis ) Agent : Transmission : Clinical manifestations ( 3) Treatment Pediculicide and removal of nits Education patient School attendance

Answer 27

Pediculus humanus capitis Prolonged close contact when a female louse is able to obtain blood meal at scalp and deposit eggs on hair shaft at night Intensive pruritus of scalp( behind ears and neck ) Nites

Question 28

Bedbugs Agent: Transmission: Clinical manifestations (3) Treatment Eradication Topical application Hygiene

Answer 28

Cimex lectularius Contact sleep in infested mattress and mine burrows into the skin and feed Pruritis Cellulitis Asthma/anaphylaxis

Question 29

What is rickettsial infection? Examples? More common in what climates?

Answer 29

Disorders cause by arthropods Ticks, fleas and mites Tropical

Question 30

Lyme disease Agent : Transmission : Clinical manifestation Stage 1 (4) Stage 2 (5) Stage 3 (I) Diagnosis : Treatment (2) Nursing implications Prevent Tick removal ABX

Answer 30

Spirochete borrelia burgdorferi Infected deer tick bite Bulls eye, fever, HA, malaise Rash3-10 weeks Fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, cough Systemic involvement History and serologic testing Doxycycline > 8 years Amox < 8 years

Question 31

Rocky Mountain spotted fever Agent : Transmission : Clinical manifestations ; (4) BIG WHERE TWO PLACES? Treatment (2) Nursing implications Prevent exposure Educate family Supportive

Answer 31

Spirochete rickettsia rickettsii Infected tick bite rodent or dog Fever, malaise, HA Rash on palms and soles of feet Tetracycline & support

Question 32

Cat scratch disease Agent : Transmission Clinical manifestiond (2) Treatment : Nursing implication - support family with disposal of pet

Answer 32

Bacteria bartonella henselae Scratch from cat or kitten Painless nonpruritic papule Regional lymphadenitis Usually supportive