Chapter 6: Deviance

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

any behavior/physical appearance that is socially challenged because it departs from the norms of a group.

Question 2

What makes something deviant?

Answer 2

the presence of an audience that regards the behavior as such

Question 3

Emilie Durkheim stated that “Deviance will always be present even in a _______”

Answer 3

community full of saints

Question 4

Claim Makers

Answer 4

those who articulate/promote claims and tend to gain in some way if audience accepts their claims.

Question 5

Mechanisms of social control

Answer 5

strategies used to encourage or force people to comply with social norms

Question 6

Sanctions

Answer 6

reactions of disapproval or approval to a behavior (can be formal or informal)

Question 7

Formal sanctions

Answer 7

backed by law or policy

Question 8

Censorship

Answer 8

action taken to prevent information believed to be unsuitable from reaching a specific audience

Question 9

Who coined the term “group think”

Answer 9

Irving Janice

Question 10

Group think

Answer 10

occurs when a group under great pressure achieves the illusion of consensus by putting pressure on members to suppress doubt and ignore moral consequences

Question 11

Two assumptions that labeling theorists are guided by

Answer 11

• rules are socially constructed
  -rules are not enforced uniformaly/consistently

Question 12

Conformists

Answer 12

did not engage in criminal behavior and treated accordingly

Question 13

Pure deviants

Answer 13

engaged in criminal behavior, punished, and labeled as outsiders

Question 14

Secret Deviants

Answer 14

engaged in criminal behavior but not caught/punished

Question 15

Witch hunts

Answer 15

campaigns to identify, investigate, and correct behavior defined as dangerous to society

Question 16

Stigma

Answer 16

attribute that is deeply discrediting (3 types)
-based on physical appearances
-based on behaviors considered deviant (addiction, sexual orientation)
-based on nationality, ethnicity, race

Question 17

Mixed contacts

Answer 17

interactions between stigmatized person and so called normals

Question 18

Crime

Answer 18

behavior that violates a law

Question 19

Differential Association

Answer 19

focuses on criminal patterns and isolation from non-criminal influnences

Question 20

Illegitimate Opportunity Structures

Answer 20

social arrangements that provide the opportunity to commit specific crimes

Question 21

Structural Strain

Answer 21

occurs when there is an imbalance between culturally valued goals and the means to achieve the goals

Question 22

Anomie

Answer 22

cultural chaos

Question 23

Merton’s 5 ways people respond to structural strain

Answer 23

conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion

Question 24

Conformity

Answer 24

acceptance of cultural goals and attaiment thru legitimate means

Question 25

Innovation

Answer 25

acceptance of cultural goals but rejection of legitimate means of attainment

Question 26

Ritualism

Answer 26

rejection of cultural goals but acceptance of the ways in which to attain them

Question 27

Retreatism

Answer 27

rejection of culturally valued goals and the legitimate means of achieving them

Question 28

Rebellion

Answer 28

rejection of culturally valued goals and means of attainment while also creating new goals and means of attainment to oppose

Question 29

Carceral culture

Answer 29

social arrangement in which society abandons physical/public punishment and uses surveillance as method of control