Chapter 6 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Genetics
The study of the inheritance of traits from one
generation to the next.
Cross
The mating of organisms to test how they inherit
traits.
Allele
One form of a gene for a particular trait.
Purebred
Having the same alleles for a particular trait.
Hybrid
Having two different alleles for a particular trait.
Dominant
The characteristic that is expressed even when a recessive allele is present.
Recessive
The characteristic that is expressed only in the absence of a dominant allele.
Phenotype
An organism’s physical characteristics; the physical expression of an organism’s genes.
Genotype
An organism’s genetic makeup.
Punnett square
A diagram used to visualize genetic crosses.
Incomplete dominance
A type of inheritance in which the alleles for a particular characteristic are neither dominant nor recessive, resulting in a “blending” of the two expressions of the gene.
Codonminance
The expression (but not blending) of both
alleles for a trait in an organism.
Polygenic inheritance
An inheritance pattern in which
two or more genes work together to produce a single trait.
Multiple alleles
An inheritance pattern in which there
are more than two possible alleles for a single trait, such as
human ABO blood types.
X chromosome
The female sex chromosome.
Y chromosome
The male sex chromosome.
Sex-linked trait
A characteristic that is coded for by a gene on the X chromosome or the Y chromosome.
Carrier
An individual who has one allele for a recessive
trait and thus does not exhibit that trait but can pass the allele for the trait on to its offspring.
