Chapter 6: Health and Wellness Flashcards
Health promotion, defined by the World Health Organization
an empowerment process of “enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health”
-physical
-emotional
-social
-intellectual
-spiritual
-occupational
-environmental
Health promotion activities include:
-Routine exercise
-Meeting nutritional and vitamin requirements
-Maintaining a body mass index within a healthy range for weight and height
-Good sleep habits
-Stress reduction
Health Promotion: Passive Strategies
Passive strategies of health promotion are actions or conditions that benefit an individual’s health and do not require the individual’s active involvement.
-Ex: Fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D
Health Promotion: Active Strategies
Active strategies of health promotion require individuals to be engaged or actively involved in activities to improve and maintain health
Ex: dietary changes
Illness prevention, or disease prevention, differs from health promotion because
it focuses on specific efforts aimed at reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases and other morbidities.
-involves activities and interventions that delay or prevent symptoms, complications, and death related to illness
levels of prevention
-Primary prevention aims to avert the onset of specific disease.
-Secondary prevention includes procedures aimed at detecting latent or concealed disease.
-Tertiary prevention is designed to lessen the impact of and manage diagnosed disease.
-Quaternary prevention serves to protect patients from medical interventions that are likely to cause more harm than good
Illness prevention activities include
-Promoting the use of proper protective equipment to protect workers from hazardous material exposure
-Establishing vaccination programs to protect individuals from actual or potential threats to health
-Encouraging the use of screening programs to detect disease
-Educating individuals on safe-sex practices to avoid acquiring a sexually transmitted disease
-Educating parents about the use of sunscreen in children to prevent the long-term development of skin cancer
Primary Prevention
-refers to measures initiated before disease occurs. This level of prevention operates by removing the causes; interventions are implemented before any manifestations of illness are present
-Actions encouraged include lifestyle changes, nutrition improvement, and environmental alterations
-Ex: General health promotion, such as promoting regular exercise, stress reduction, smoking cessation, and healthy eating habits
Secondary prevention
-focus on early detection of disease and emphasize early disease diagnosis before symptoms occur.
-aim to identify healthy-appearing individuals who may be members of vulnerable populations who are at risk for particular disease complications. Screening is used to identify a disease at its earliest stage and facilitates prompt and appropriate management
-Ex: Screening for tuberculosis using the purified protein derivative skin test
Tertiary prevention
-attempt to decrease the effects experienced by individuals diagnosed with various conditions.
-to reduce the impact of disease and minimize loss of function. Strategies implemented during tertiary prevention focus on treatment and/or rehabilitation. Collaborative health care efforts are a necessary function of tertiary prevention
-Ex: Nursing care, physical therapy, and occupational therapy to retrain and maximize use of remaining abilities
-Medication, radiation, or other treatment to stop the disease process and prevent further complications
Quaternary Prevention
-prioritizes “identifying the patient at risk of over-medicalization.” This level of prevention includes actions that are “taken to identify patient at risk of over-medicalization, to protect him from new medical invasion, and to suggest him interventions ethically acceptable
-Ex: Identifying patients at risk for overmedication
-Assessing medically unexplained symptoms
