Chapter 6 - Henry VII's rule in England 1485-1509 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
When was the Battle of Bosworth?
A
August 1485
2
Q
When did Henry VII become king?
A
October 1485
3
Q
When did Henry VII marry Elizabeth of York?
A
January 1486
4
Q
When was the conspiracy of Lovell and Stafford?
A
July 1486
5
Q
When was Prince Arthur born?
A
September 1486
6
Q
When was the Act of Resumption passed?
A
September 1486
7
Q
When was Simnel’s Rebellion and the Battle of Stoke?
A
June 1487
8
Q
When was the Yorkshire Rebellion?
A
1489
9
Q
When was Warbeck’s Rebellion?
A
1491-1499
10
Q
When was Prince Henry born?
A
June 1491
11
Q
When was the Cornish Rebellion?
A
May 1497
12
Q
When did Warbeck surrender?
A
October 1497
13
Q
When was Warbeck hung?
A
November 1499
14
Q
When did Prince Arthur die?
A
April 1502
15
Q
When did Queen Elizabeth die?
A
February 1503
16
Q
When was Edmund de la Pole imprisoned in the Tower?
A
April 1506
17
Q
When did Henry VII die?
A
April 1509
18
Q
Who did Henry Tudor defeat at Bosworth?
A
Richard III, the Yorkist king
19
Q
What showed a lack of noble support for Henry?
A
Many remained neutral at the Battle of Bosworth
20
Q
Who was Henry’s claim to the throne from?
A
His mother, Margaret Beaufort
21
Q
Was Henry’s claim Yorkist or Lancastrian?
A
Lancastrian
22
Q
What was the first action Henry took to secure his position?
A
He backdated his reign to the day before Bosworth
23
Q
What did backdating his reign mean for Henry?
A
All those who fought against him at Bosworth could be tried for treason
24
Q
Why did Henry marry Elizabeth of York?
A
To unite both houses
25
Why did he marry after his coronation?
So it couldn't be claimed he owed his throne to his wife
26
Which two Yorkists had strong claims to the throne?
Richard's nephews, the Earl of Warwick and the Earl of Lincoln
27
What happened to the Earl of Warwick?
He was successfully removed as a threat by being sent to the tower
28
What happened to the Earl of Lincoln?
He stated his loyalty and was invited to join the King's Council
29
Why was Henry relatively unknown in England?
He had spent 14 years in exile in France after the Battle of Tewksbury
30
What 3 reasons explain support for Henry?
1. The country was tired of instability
2. He replaced an unpopular and dead king
3. He didn't rely on a noble for his position and had independence
31
What was the Lovell conspiracy?
A rebellion in the Midlands and north from Yorkists who had supported Richard
32
Who was involved in the Lovell conspiracy?
Lord Lovell and the Stafford brothers
33
Why did the Lovell conspiracy fail?
Henry sent an armed force to offer a pardon or death to the rebels
34
Where did Lovell flee to?
Flanders
35
What happened to the Staffords?
They were arrested, Humphrey executed, and Thomas pardoned
36
When was the Yorkshire Rebellion?
1489
37
What prompted the Yorkshire rebellion?
They were being taxed to aid Brittany against France
38
Why were Yorkshire irritated about their taxation?
Other northern counties had been exempted as they had to defend the northern border
39
Who was murdered collecting tax in Yorkshire in 1489?
The Earl of Northumberland
40
Who led the rebellion in Yorkshire?
Sir John Egremont, a Yorkist
41
Who did Henry appoint as his representative in the north?
The Earl of Surrey
42
When was the Cornish Rebellion?
1497
43
What prompted the Cornish Rebellion?
The request of taxes to fund a war against Scotland on the northern border
44
Why did the Cornish not want to pay the tax?
They believed the war was geographically remote and wouldn't affect them
45
Where did the Cornish rebels meet?
Bodmin
46
How far did the Cornish rebels reach?
London
47
How many Cornish rebels were there?
15,000
48
Which one noble joined the rebellion?
Lord Audley
49
Who did the Cornish rebels say their complaints were about?
The evil counsellors, such as Morton and Bray
50
Where were the Cornish rebels defeated?
Blackheath
51
What happened to the leaders of the Cornish rebellion?
They were tortured and executed
52
Who protected and funded Yorkists against the Tudor state?
Margaret of Burgundy
53
Who was Margaret of Burgundy?
The sister of Edward IV and Richard III
54
Who were Warbeck and Simnel impersonating?
The two Yorkist 'Princes in the Tower'
55
Who did Lambert Simnel claim to be?
The Earl of Warwick
56
Where did Simnel raise support?
Yorkist Oxford and then in Ireland
57
How did Margaret of Burgundy support Simnel?
She sent money and 2,000 mercenaries
58
When did the Simnel conspiracy begin?
Late 1486
59
How did Henry try to stop Simnel's supporters?
He offered the rebels a pardon and paraded the real Earl of Warwick around London
60
Which Yorkist joined the Simnel rebels?
The Earl of Lincoln
61
Where did the Simnel rebels land?
Lancashire
62
How many Simnel rebels were there?
8,000
63
Why did the Simnel rebels not gain popular support?
Many were fed up of chaos, or didn't like the brutish Irish force accompanying Simnel
64
Where did the Simnel rebels meet Henry?
Stoke
65
When did the Simnel rebels meet Henry?
June 1487
66
Why did the battle at Stoke show flaws in Henry's rule?
He was drawn to battle by a weak claimant, and only gained support once the result was clear
67
When did Perkin Warbeck arrive in Ireland?
1491
68
Who likely put Warbeck in Ireland?
Charles VIII of France and Margaret of Burgundy
69
Who did Warbeck claim to be?
Richard, Duke of York; the second son of Edward IV
70
Why did Warbeck pretending to be Richard, Duke of York cause issue for Henry?
Unlike with Simnel, he couldn't parade around the real Richard, as he was already dead
71
What forced Warbeck to move from France to Flanders?
The signing of the Treaty of Etaples
72
Why did the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian not provide support to Warbeck?
He did not have the finances
73
Why could Henry act without fear of European intervention when dealing with Warbeck?
Because France were more concerned about Italy
74
Who did Henry discover was involved in the Warbeck plot?
The Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley
75
Where was Warbeck defeated in 1495?
Deal
76
Who defeated Warbeck at Deal?
The local militia, as intelligence meant that the royal army was not needed
77
Who did Warbeck marry in Scotland?
James IV's cousin
78
How many troops did James IV give Warbeck to invade Northern England?
1,500
79
Where did Warbeck go in 1497 to try and gain support?
Ireland, where he found none, and then Cornwall to capitalise on the rebellion, which also failed
80
When did Warbeck give himself up?
November 1497
81
Why was Warbeck executed?
He tried to run from court, and was rumoured to be plotting with the Earl of Warwick
82
When was Warbeck executed?
1499
83
Did Warbeck's failure show Henry was more or less secure than when the Simnel conspiracy occurred?
More secure; he never fought a battle with Warbeck
84
When did Prince Arthur die?
1502
85
When did Queen Elizabeth die?
1503
86
What did Henry do to the Suffolk family after the death of his wife and son?
He imprisoned the rest of the family who resided in England, and then Parliament passed 51 Acts of Attainder, primarily against them, in 1504
87
When did Parliament pass Acts of Attainder against the Suffolk family?
1504
88
Why did Philip of Burgundy hand over Suffolk?
His ship was forced to land in England in 1506, and he had to trade Suffolk for his own life
89
What battle can be seen to have ended the Wars of the Roses?
The Battle of Stoke
90
Which noble was powerful in the north-east?
The Earl of Northumberland
91
Which noble was powerful in East Anglia?
The Duke of Norfolk
92
Which noble family was powerful in the north-west?
The Stanley family
93
Why did Henry need noble support?
1. So they didn't support rival claimants
2. To give him advice
3. To enforce royal will in the localities
94
How many new Earls did Henry VII create in his reign, and how many did Edward IV create?
Henry VII: 3
Edward IV: 9
95
How many fewer peers were there at the end of Henry VII's reign compared to the start?
15 less
96
What position did Henry VII recreate to avoid giving land to reward nobles?
The Order of the Garter
97
Why did Knights of the Garter benefit Henry VII?
It gave prestige to nobles without Henry losing land or power
98
What were the two main sanctions used by Henry VII?
Acts of Attainder, and Bonds and Recognisances
99
How many Acts of Attainder did Henry VII pass against nobles?
Nine, but he reversed five
100
Why were Acts of Attainder effective?
They brought economic ruin to families who faced them, and promoted good behaviour as this could reverse them
101
What was a bond?
A written agreement where someone promised to pay a large sum of money if they failed to carry out promises
102
What was a recognisance?
A formal acknowledgement of a debt or obligation made in court, often with attached fines
103
How many noble families has bond and recognisance agreements in Henry VII's reign?
36 out of 62 families
104
How did Henry tackle retaining in 1485?
He made the Lords and Commons swear not to retain illegally
105
How did Henry tackle retaining in 1504?
He issued proclamations that declared nobles needed licenses to retain, or face heavy fines
106
How much did Lord Burgavenny pay for illegal retaining in 1506?
£70,000
107
What did Henry VII not do in regards to retaining?
He did not seek to abolish it
108
What did the 1486 Act of Resumption do?
It took back all royal lands granted away since before the Wars of the Roses
109
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