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Pharmacology > Chapter 6 Herbs And Dietary Supplements > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Herbs And Dietary Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

Complementary and alternative medicine

A

Comprises an extremely diverse set of therapies and healing systems that are considered to be outside of mainstream health care.

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2
Q

Herb

A

A plant that lacks woody stems or bark

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3
Q

Botanical

A

Any plant product with a useful application

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4
Q

Aloe

A

Medicinal part: juice from the leaves

Treat skin ailments (topical), constipation (oral)

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5
Q

Bilberry

A

Medicinal part: berries/leaf

Terminate diarrhea, improve and protect vision

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6
Q

Black cohosh

A

Medicinal part: Roots

Relieve menopause symptoms

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7
Q

Cranberry

A

Medicinal part: berries/ juice

Prevent urinary tract infection

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8
Q

Echinacea

A

Medicinal part: entire plant

Enhance immune system, as an anti-inflammatory

Interacts with Amiodarone, anabolic steroids, ketoconazole, methotrexate

Possible increased hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

Evening primrose

A

Medicinal part: seeds/ oil

Relieve pain and inflammation

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10
Q

Garlic

A

Medicinal part: bulbs

Reduce blood cholesterol and blood pressure, as an anticoagulant

Interacts with: aspirin, and other NSAIDs, warfarin (coumadin), insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents

Increased bleeding risk, additive hypoglycemic effects

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11
Q

Ginger

A

Medicinal part: root

Relieve GI upset and motion sickness, as an anti-inflammatory

Interacts with: aspirin and other NSAIDs, heparin, coumadin

Increased bleeding risk

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12
Q

Ginkgo biloba

A

Medicinal part: leaves and seeds

Improve memory, reduce dizziness

Interacts with: anticonvulsants, aspirin and NSAIDs, heparin, warfarin, tricyclic (tri-cy-clic) antidepressants

Possible decreased anticonvulsant effectiveness, increased bleeding potential, possible decreased seizure threshold

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13
Q

Ginseng

A

Medicinal part: root

Relieve stress, enhance immune system, decrease fatigue

Interacts with: CNS depressants - dogoxin (lanoxin), diuretics, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic agents, and coumadin.

increased sedation, increased toxicity, possible weakened diuretic effects, insulin increased hypoglycemic effects, decreased anticoagulant effects

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14
Q

Horny goat weed

A

Medicinal part: leaves and roots

Enhance sexual function

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15
Q

Milk thistle

A

Medicinal part: seeds

As an antitoxin, protect against liver disease

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16
Q

Saw palmetto

A

Medicinal part: ripe fruit/ berries

Relieve urinary problems related to prostate enlargement

17
Q

Soy

A

Medicinal part: beans

Source of protein, vitamins, and minerals; relieve menopausal symptoms; prevent cardiovascular disease; as an anticancer agent

18
Q

St. John’s wort

A

Medicinal part: flowers, leaves, stems

Reduce depression, reduce anxiety, as an anti-inflammatory

Interacts with: CNS depressants and opiates - increased sedation, cyclosporine (sandimmune) - possible decreased cyclosporine levels, oral contraceptives - decreased drug effectiveness, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - possible serotonin syndrome (headache, dizziness, sweating, agitation), warfarin (coumadin)- decreased anticoagulant effects.

19
Q

Valerian

A

Medicinal part: roots

Relieve stress, promote sleep

Interacts with: barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and other CNS depressants - increased sedation

20
Q

Amino acids

A

Build protein, muscle strength, and endurance

21
Q

Carnitine

A

Enhance energy and sports performance, heart health, memory, immune function, and male fertility

22
Q

Coenzyme Q10

A

Treat heart disease, as an antioxidant

23
Q

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

A

Boost immune functions and memory

24
Q

Fish oil

A

Reduce cholesterol, enhance brain function, increase visual acuity ( due to presence of omega-3 fatty acids)

25
Q

Flaxseed oil

A

Reduce cholesterol, enhance brain function, increase visual acuity ( due to presence of omega -3 fatty acids

26
Q

Glucosamine and chondroitin

A

Treat arthritis and other joint problems

27
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus

A

Maintain intestinal health

28
Q

Methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM)

A

Reduce allergic reactions to pollen and foods, relieve pain and inflammation of arthritis and similar conditions

29
Q

Selenium

A

Reduce the risk of certain types of cancer

30
Q

Dietary supplement health and education act (DSHEA) of 1994

A

Dietary supplements are regulated by this act and it is far less restrictive

31
Q

Dietary supplement and nonprescription drug consumer protection act of 2007

A

Companies marketing herbal and dietary supplements are now required to include contact info on the product label for consumers to use in reporting adverse events. Companies myst notify the FDA of any serious adverse event within 15 days of receiving such reports.

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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