Chapter 6 Integumentary System

Question 1

What is a significant part of a physical exam?

Answer 1

Inspection of the skin, hair, and nails

Question 2

What does the Integumentary system consist of?

Answer 2

-Skin and accessory organs
-Hair
-Nails
-Cutaneous glands

Question 3

What is the body’s largest and heaviest organ?

Answer 3

Skin

Question 4

How much does the skin cover?

Answer 4

1.5 to 2.0 m^2

Question 5

What percent of body weight is the skin?

Answer 5

Composes 15% of body weight

Question 6

The three lays of skin are

Answer 6

-Epidermis
-Dermis
-Hypodermis

Question 7

The Epidermis is

Answer 7

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

Dermis

Answer 8

deeper connective tissue layer

Question 9

Hypodermis:

Answer 9

adipose tissue layer below the skin

Question 10

Functions of the skin

Answer 10

-Resistance to trauma and infection
-other barrier functions
-vitamin D synthesis
-Sensation
-Thermoregulation
-Nonverbal communication

Question 11

How does skin resistance trauma and infection?

Answer 11

-Keratin
-Dermcidin and defensins
-Acid mantle

Question 12

What are barrier functions of the skin

Answer 12

-Water
-UV radiation
-Harmful chemicals

Question 13

Vitamin D synthesis of skin

Answer 13

-Skin carries out first step
-Liver and kidneys complete the
process

Question 14

Sensation with skin

Answer 14

-Skin is an extensive sense organ
-Receptors for temperature, touch,
pain, and more

Question 15

Thermoregulation (skin function)

Answer 15

-Thermoreceptors
-Vasoconstriction/vasodilation
-Perspiration

Question 16

Nonverbal communication (skin function)

Answer 16

-Facial expression
-Importance in social acceptance
and self image

Question 17

Epidermis

Answer 17

-Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-Includes dead cells at skin surface packed with tough keratin
protein
-avascular
-Depends on the diffusion of nutrients from underlying connective
tissue
-Contains sparse nerve endings for touch and pain

Question 18

The 5 epithelial cell types

Answer 18

-stem cells
-keratinocytes
-melanocytes
-tactile cells
-dendritic cells

Question 19

Stem cells

Answer 19

-Undifferentiated cells that give rise to keratinocytes
-In deepest layer of epidermis (stratum basale)

Question 20

Keratinocytes

Answer 20

-Great majority of epidermal cells
-Synthesize keratin

Question 21

Melanocytes

Answer 21

-Synthesize pigment melanin that shields DNA from ultraviolet
radiation
-Occur only in stratum basale but have branched processes that
spread among keratinocytes and distribute melanin

Question 22

Tactile cells

Answer 22

-Touch receptor cells associated with dermal nerve fibers
- In basal layer of epidermis

Question 23

Dendritic cells

Answer 23

-Macrophages originating in bone marrow that guard agalnst
pathogens
-Found In stratum spinosum and granulosum

Question 24

Layer of the epidermis Stratum lucidum is found

Answer 24

Only in thick skin

Question 25

Stratum basale

Answer 25

-deepest epidermal layer -single layer of stem cells and keratinocytes

Question 26

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 26

-layer of the epidermis -thin,pale layer found only in thick skin

Question 27

Stratum corneum

Answer 27

-surface layer -Several layers (up to 30) of dead, scaly, keratinized cells -Resists abrasion, penetration, water loss

Question 28

The dermis

Answer 28

-Composed mainly of collagen -Well supplied with blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings

Question 29

Dermal papillae are

Answer 29

are upward, finger-like extensions of dermis

Question 30

The dermis consist of two layers

Answer 30

Papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 31

Papillary layer

Answer 31

-Thin zone of areolar tissue in and near the dermal papilla -Allows for mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells -Rich in small blood vessels

Question 32

Reticular layer

Answer 32

-Thicker layer of dense, irregular connective tissue -Stretch marks (striae)

Question 33

What are stretch marks (striae)?

Answer 33

Tears in the collagen fibers caused by stretching of the skin due to pregnancy or obesity

Question 34

What is a Common site of drug injection due to many blood vessels?

Answer 34

Hypodermis

Question 35

Subcutaneous fat

Answer 35

-Refers to subcutaneous tissue that is comprised -predominantly of adipose tissue -Energy reservoir -Thermal insulation -Thinner in infants, elderly

Question 36

Melanin

Answer 36

-Most significant factor In skin color -Produced by melanocytes, accumulates in keratinocytes

Question 37

Dark and light skinned individuals have the same number of _____.

Answer 37

melanocytes

Question 38

Darker skin

Answer 38

-Melanocytes produce greater quantities of melanin -Melanin breaks down more slowly

Question 39

UV light exposure stimulates ____ secretion and ____ skin.

Answer 39

Melanin; darkens