Chapter 6- Matter

Question 1

what is density?

Answer 1

how tightly packed the matter is in a given space

Question 2

density equation

Answer 2

density= mass/volume p=m/v

density (Kg/M^3, g/cm^3)
mass(Kg)
volume= cm^3, m^3

Question 3

What is the law of displacement?

Answer 3

Law of Displacement
-an object completely submerged in
a fluid (like water) will replace an
amount of fluid equal to its
own volume

Question 4

what happens to mass when the state changes(conservation of mass)

Answer 4

stays the same because the number of particles is the same

Question 5

what is specific heat capacity?

Answer 5

energy required to increase 1 kg of a substance by 1 degrees Celsius

Question 6

what is specific latent heat?

Answer 6

the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance at a constant temperature

Question 7

latent heat equation

Answer 7

energy=mass x specific latent heat

SLH = J/k
Mass = Kg
Energy = J

Question 8

what is latent heat /

Answer 8

the energy transferred to a substance without the substances temperature rising

Question 9

What is density?

Answer 9

The amount of mass in a fixed volume how tightly compacted matter is

Question 10

Density equation

Answer 10

P=m/v

Question 11

Units for density

Answer 11

g/cm^3
Kg/m^3

Question 12

Why do objects float

Answer 12

Because they have a low mass of matter in a volume this means they have a low mass of matter in a volume so this means they have a less density than the liquid, this means the object floats in addition an up thrust force causes this

Question 13

What is sublimation?

Answer 13

Solid to gas

Question 14

What is deposition?

Answer 14

Gas to solid

Question 15

What is freezing ?

Answer 15

Liquid to solid

Question 16

What is evaporation?

Answer 16

Liquid to gas

Question 17

What is melting?

Answer 17

Solid to liquid

Question 18

What is condensation ?

Answer 18

Gas to liquid

Question 19

Solids characteristics

Answer 19

Particles vibrate aroun a fixed point, with little energy , particles re regularly arranged and are tightly compacted , strong bond of attraction

Question 20

Liquid characteristics

Answer 20

Particles are close, the particles move round each other , they are randomly arranged and have greater energy than solids
Small forces of attraction

Question 21

Gases characteristics

Answer 21

Particles are far apart
Particles are randomly arranged
Particles move quickly in all directions
High energy
No forces of attraction / weak forces of attraction

Question 22

Required Practical 5. Density of regular and irregular solid

Answer 22

1. Firstly measure the mass of regular solid
   using a balance
2. Note the mass in a table
3. using vernier calipers measure the length, width and
   height of the object
4. multiply the length width and height to
   calculate the volume of the object
   5-now calculate the volume of the object us, the
   equation density- mass ÷ volume.
5. Repent steps 1-5 3 more times and calculate
   a mean
6. Now measure the mass of an irregular solid
   using a balance. Record the mass
7. To calculate to value, fill an Eureka (displacement) with water until the water is level( use a measuring cylinder(not that relevant)
   with the spout.
8. Place a measuring cylinder below the spout
9. Lower the irregular solid into the Eureka (displacement) can slowly
10. The water displaced into the measuring cylinder is the volume of the solid
11. measure (read) the value of water displaced and note this down
12. Use the volume and mass to calculate
    the density using density= mass/volume
13. Repeat 3 more times at calculate a mean
14. write a conclusion

Question 23

What is the conservation of mass?

Answer 23

When a substance changes state its mass is the same as the number of particles is the same

Question 24

Mini practical- Finding the melting point of stearic acid

Answer 24

Place solid stearic acid in a boiling tube with a thermometer inside(the acid)
Record staring temperature using a thermometer
Place test tube in a beaker contains water(water bath)
Heat with a Bunsen Bruner , start a stop clock and measure the tempearture using the thermometer every minute
Remove from hot water once all the acid melts, record the final temapetaturE this is the melting point
Repeat 3 more times and calculate a mean
(To work out melting point)
Plot a graph with the results

Question 25

How would you calculate the density of a liquid

Answer 25

Place a measuring cylinder on a balance tear the balance fill the measuring cylinder with the liquid, not the mass of the liquid, note the volume of the liquid , use the equation mass +density/volume to calculate the density

Question 26

What is internal energy?

Answer 26

The total energy that a systems particles have in its potential and kinetic energy stores

Question 27

How does increasing the temperature of a system/substance increases the internal energy

Answer 27

More work is done , the energy causes the particles to move and increases the kinetic energy

Question 28

How does the energ in a substance relating to internal energy have relationship

Answer 28

The potential energy that they hav in their individual positions are relative to eachother When When hay’s all state of a substance changes so does the energy of the particles

Question 29

What is specific latent heat?

Answer 29

Te amount of energy require to change 1kg f a substance from one state to another without changing its temperature Can be either fusion(s to l or l to s) or vaporisation (l to g or g to l)

Question 30

What does latent mean?

Answer 30

Hidden

Question 31

What is latent heat

Answer 31

It is hidden heat it refers to changing state of a substance without raising it’s temperature

Question 32

What happens to energy and internal energy when a substance is melting or boiling?

Answer 32

Energy is till put in but it’s internal energy is increasing , but the energy used to break bonds rather than raising the temperature

Question 33

What happens to energy and internal energy when a substance is freezing or condensing

Answer 33

Bonds are formed between particles with relative energy . This mean the internal energy decreases , but the temp doesn’t go down until all th substance has turned to liquid(condensing) ir a solid

Question 34

Specific latent heat equation

Answer 34

E=lm L is lattent heat units for this are J/kg M is mass E is energy

Question 35

How is kinetic energy related to temp (in gas)

Answer 35

The avg energy in ek stores is related to temp, higher them higher ek in a systems store

Question 36

What is a system?

Answer 36

object or group of objects.

Question 37

If temp increases how does it affect motion in gases

Answer 37

If temp increase this increases energy in kinetic energy stores which mans the particles move faster Side note If this is in a closed system Thi will increase prsssure as there i more frequent collisions of particles per an area

Question 38

Why does a balloon push out as it rises in the atmosphere?

Answer 38

The atmospheric pressure outside the balooon is lower than the pressure inside the ballon as the balloon goes up this mans the pressure is cgreater on the inside than the outised spa ding the balooon , this it the same for a marshmallow

Question 39

How is pressure created in gases

Answer 39

Through collisions of gas ateiclea with a surface If the temp is constant and volume is increased the pressure decreases , in a eagled container th pressure is always the total force exerted by all gas particle on a unit o are of the container walls If work is done it will increase pressure as this energy is transferred to ek stores increasing speed due to 1/2 x mas. X velocity^2. Which means there are more collision over a unit of area increasing the pressure

Question 40

Pressure volume constant

Answer 40

Pressure and volume are in an inversely proportional relationship Pv= constant If volume increases pressure decreases But the constant stays the same value For example Pressure = 100 pa The volume decreases to 0.3cm^3 from 1.5 cm^3 The temp and mass stay the same what is the pressure I What is the pressure 100 x 1.5= 150 So p x 0.3= 150 P= 150/0.3 P= 500 pa