Chapter 6 - New Industrial Age Flashcards
(43 cards)
Who used a steam engine to drill oil? (The process was limited to transform the oil into kerosene and throw out the gasoline.)
Edwin Drake
By 1920, the U.S was leading industrial power in the world. What were the three factors to this enormous growth?
1) Natural resources
2) Governmental support
3) Urbanization
What was the Bessemer Steel Process?
Removed carbon from iron, that resulted a lighter, more flexible and rust resistant compound. (Henry Bessemer and William Kelly)
What were the two main things that was plentiful within the U.S?
Coal and iron!
What were the uses of steel?
Railroads.
Also, barbed wire, farm equipment, bridge construction (Brooklyn Bridge 1883) and the first skyscraper.
In 1876 what did Thomas Alva establish?
He established the world’s first research lab in New Jersey in which he perfected the incandescent lightbulb in 1880.
Who was Christopher Soles?
He invented the typewriter in 1867.
Another important invention in the late 19th century was the ________.
Telephone, invented by Alexander Graham and Thomas Watson in 1876.
The unchecked power of the railroad companies led to widespread ______and then reforms.
ABUSEEEE!
By 1869, tracks had been laid across the continent called _____________.
Golden Spike -Utah
Who were the main immigrants who built the Golden Spike- Utah railroad?
Immigrants from China, Ireland, and out-of-work Civil war vets provided most of the difficult labor.
Due to the difficulties of railroad and time in 1869, to remedy this problem Professer C.F. Dowd proposed what?
He proposed to divide the earth into 24 different time zones. The U.S would be divided into 4 zones. (Central, Mountain, Pacific, and the eastern)
By 1884, the International Conference…
Adopted the time zones Prof. C.F Dowd proposed.
The rapid growth of railroad industry and railroads led to what?
Influenced iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass businesses as they tried to keep up with the railroads demands for materials, and the growth of towns, new markets, and opportunities for profiteers.
What major cities led to their own legacy because of the railroad?
Chicago, Minneapolis, Denver, and Seattle.
Who was George Pullman and why was he important?
George Pullman built a factory in 1880 for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars in Illinois.
What was one mistake Pullman shouldnt have done?
He lowered wages but not rent, which led to a violent strike in 1894
What was the credit mobilier scandal?
Stockholders of Union Pacific Railroad formed a construction company in 1864 that gave contracts to the company to lay track 3 times the actual costs and pocketed the difference. They donated shares of the stock to 20 Republican members of congress in 1867.
What are grangers?
A farmers organization that protested land deals, price fixing, and charging different rates to different customers.
The Granger Law
Protected farmers. States were given refulation control of railroads by the Courts.
Interstate Commerce Act
In 1887, the federal government re-established their control over railroad activities and passed the Interstate commerce act which gained power until 1906.
Andrew Carnegie
One of the first industrial moguls. He entered the steel industry in 1873 which became the most manufactured company who made more steel than all the factories in Great Britain combined in 1899.
What were Carnegie’s business practices?
- searching for ways to make better products more cheaply.
- accounting systems to track expenses
- attracting quality people by offering them stock and benefits.
What was vertical integration?
Carnegie bought out his suppliers in order to control materials and transportations.
