Chapter 6 page 14 Flashcards
(12 cards)
Immunology
is the study to recognize self and non-self which removes viruses, bacteria, fungi parasites and inanimate material.
Different types of immunity:
Basic level: innate/non-specific immunity these prevent an invading organism from gaining entry into the body.
Innate response:
- can’t distinguish between potential pathogens or all invading organisms.
- Provides an immediate response to an invading host BUT it doesn’t prepare for a long-lasting protection.
Adaptive immunity:
acquired or specific immunity and is triggered by a response of a specific antigen.
-A longer time gap between recognition of the antigen and production of an immune system.
The outer body of invertebrates provide protection f
from both biotic and abiotic factors
Toll-like receptors detect the presence of common
cell surface antigens. The pattern recognition receptors are attached to blood cells or other cell types.
Principle invertebrate immune mechanisms:
- Hemolymph coagulation entraps the invader
- Invader is phagocytized by blood cells.
- Activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade kills the invader
- Production of reactive oxygen radically kills the invader
- Lectin-complement system kills the invader
- Activation of Toll-like receptor pathway
Innate immunity: 2 distinct branches:
innate and adaptive components work together to influence one another.
Sequence of major immune responses occur in a typical mammal following parasite invasion.
- minutes-hours: Innate immunity: Non-specific phagocytosis (neutrophils, macrophages)
- Months-years: Protective Immunity : B-cells differentiate into memory cells
Two types of Adaptive Immunity:
Passive
Active
Passive adaptive immunity
- occurs when an animal receives antibodies (immunoglobulins) from another organism. —– Receives antibodies from its mother across the placenta.
Active adaptive immunity
immune response challenged by either live pathogen (in a vaccine)
