Chapter 6 - Preventing and treating disease Flashcards
(23 cards)
What do vaccinations do?
protect you from future infections
What do vaccinations do? (process)
objecting small amount of dead pathogens. these carry antigens, which cause your body to produce antibodies to attack them. so if love pathogens of the same toe appear later, the white blood cells can rapidly produce antibodies to fight them off
What are 2 pros of vaccinations?
- have helped control lots of communicable diseases that were once common (polio, whooping cough, measles) these diseases now no longer occur
- epidemics (big outbreaks of diseases) can be prevented if a large percentage of the population is vaccinated
What are 2 cons of vaccinations?
- they don’t always work
2. you could have a bad reaction to a vaccine (swelling) but they are rare
So painkillers relieve pain or cure the problem?
relieve pain, reduce symptoms
What do antibiotics do?
kill the bacteria causing the problem with ought milking your own body cells. diff antibiotics cure diff things
Do antibiotics cure viruses? why?
no, viruses reproduce using your body cells which makes it very difficult to develop drugs that don’t kill he body cells
What is a pro of antibiotics?
they greatly reduced the number of deaths from communicable diseases
What does mutations cause the bacteria to do/become?
become resistant to the antibiotic
How can you slow down the rate of development of reistant strains?
avoid over prescribing antibiotics. but finish the course
What can some of the chemicals produced by plants be used for?
drugs to treat human diseases or relieve symptoms.
What are 2 modern day medicines that were found from plants?
- asprin=painkiller: developed from a chemical found in willow
- digitalis=heart conditions: chemical found in foxgloves
How was penicillin discovered?
by alexander fleming: cleaning petri dishes, had mould on it and the areas around the mould didn’t have bacteria
How are drugs tested in preclinical testing?
on human cells and tissues
When can’t you use human cells and tissues?
to test drugs that affect the whole or multiple body systems, it must be tested on a whole animal
What is the second stage in drug testing?
testing the drug on live animals. to test is the drug works, to find out how harmful it is, and best dosage
What is the 3rd stage in drug testing?
drug tested on human volunteers
What is the 3rd stage called?
clinical trial
How is the procedure done? (3rd)
tested on healthy volunteers, side effects? lose dose - high dose. if the results are good, the drugs are tested on people with the sickness. the optimum dose is found (most effective+least side effects).
What is an advantage of doing a double blind test?
the doctors monitoring the patients aren’t subconsciously influenced by their knowledge
What is meant by the efficacy of drugs?
whether he drug works and produces the effect you’re looking for
why do clinical trials begin with healthy volunteers?
to make sure it doesn’t have any harmful side effects when the body is working normally
Why should the results be check by a peer review?
so there aren’t any false alarms
