Chapter 6: Process Selection and Facility Layout

Question 1

Refers to deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized.

Answer 1

Process Selection

Question 2

The mix of equipment and labor that will be used by the organization.

Answer 2

Capital Intensity

Question 3

The degree to which the system can be adjusted to changes in processing requirements due to various factors.

Answer 3

Process Flexibility

Question 4

Methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce goods and provide services.

Answer 4

Process Technology

Question 5

The science and use of computers and other electronic equipment to store, process, and send information.

Answer 5

Information Technology

Question 6

Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically.

Answer 6

Automation

Question 7

Involves the use of high-cost, general-purpose equipment controlled by a computer program that provides both the sequence of operations and specific details about each operation.

Answer 7

Programmable Automation

Question 8

The use of computers in process control, ranging from robots to automated quality control.

Answer 8

Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Question 9

Machines that perform operations by following mathematical processing instructions.

Answer 9

Numerically Controlled Machines

Question 10

A machine consisting of a mechanical arm, a power supply, and a controller.

Answer 10

Robot

Question 11

Evolved from programmable automation. It uses equipment that is more customized than that of programmable automation.

Answer 11

Flexible Automation

Question 12

A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar products.

Answer 12

Flexible Manufacturing System

Question 13

A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities through an integrated computer system.

Answer 13

Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Question 14

The configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system.

Answer 14

Layout

Question 15

Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow.

Answer 15

Product Layout

Question 16

Layout that can handle varied processing requirements.

Answer 16

Process Layout

Question 17

Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed.

Answer 17

Fixed-Position Layout

Question 18

An operational environment that uses a combination of the three basic layout types.

Answer 18

Combination Layout

Question 19

Layout in which workstations are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements.

Answer 19

Cellular Layout

Question 20

The grouping into part families of items with similar design or manufacturing characteristics.

Answer 20

Group Technology

Question 21

The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements.

Answer 21

Line Balancing

Question 22

The maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit.

Answer 22

Cycle Time

Question 23

Cycle Time Formula

Answer 23

Operating Time per Day/Desired Output Rate

Question 24

Output Rate Formula

Answer 24

Operating Time per day/Cycle Time

Question 25

Theoretical Minimum number of Stations Formula

Answer 25

Sum of Task Times/Cycle Time

Question 26

A diagram that shows elemental tasks and their precedence requirements.

Answer 26

Precedence Diagram

Question 27

Percentage of idle time of a line

Answer 27

Balance Delay

Question 28

Balance Delay Formula

Answer 28

((Idle Time per cycle)/(actual number of stations * cycle time)) * 100

Question 29

Percentage of busy time of a line

Answer 29

Efficiency

Question 30

Efficiency Formula

Answer 30

100% - Balance Delay

Question 31

Used when a moderate volume of goods or services is desired, and it can handle a moderate variety in products or services.

Answer 31

Batch Processing

Question 32

System used when a very high volume of nondiscrete, highly standardized output is desired.

Answer 32

Continuous System

Question 33

A nonrepetitive set of activities directed toward a unique goal within a limited time frame.

Answer 33

Project

Question 34

Linking key product or service requirements to process capabilities.

Answer 34

Product or Service Profiling

Question 35

The discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them.

Answer 35

Technological Innovation

Question 36

The application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of products and services and operations processes.

Answer 36

Technology

Question 37

The most advanced and developed equipment and/or methods.

Answer 37

High Technology

Question 38

Includes methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce goods and provide services.

Answer 38

Process Technology

Question 39

The science and use of computers and other electronic equipment to store, process, and send information.

Answer 39

Information Technology

Question 40

Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically.

Answer 40

Automation

Question 41

Has very little or no variety.

Answer 41

Standardized

Question 42

The least flexible type of automation. It uses high-cost, specialized equipment for a fixed sequence of operations.

Answer 42

Fixed Automation

Question 43

Automation that involves the use of high-cost, general-purpose equipment controlled by a computer program that provides both the sequence of operations and specific details about each operation.

Answer 43

Programmable Automation

Question 44

The use of computers in process control.

Answer 44

Computer-Aided-Manufacturing

Question 45

Machines that perform operations by following mathematical processing instructions.

Answer 45

Numerically Controlled Machines

Question 46

A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar products.

Answer 46

Flexible Manufacturing System

Question 47

A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities through an integrating computer system.

Answer 47

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing

Question 48

A process that creates a three-dimensional object by adding successive layers of material.

Answer 48

3D Printing

Question 49

Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of production tasks.

Answer 49

Production Line

Question 50

Periodic inspection and replacement of worn parts or those with high failure rates.

Answer 50

Preventive Maintenance

Question 51

Nonrepetitive processing.

Answer 51

Intermittent Processing

Question 52

Process type used when a low volume of high-variety goods are produced with a relatively high degree of flexibility in operation.

Answer 52

Job Shop

Question 53

The first of four steps of line balancing.

Answer 53

Determine tasks by checking precedence diagram.

Question 54

The second of four steps of line balancing.

Answer 54

Seeing which eligible tasks will fit in the remaining workstation time.

Question 55

The third of four steps of line balancing.

Answer 55

Applying rules like "most following tasks" to narrow the choices.

Question 56

The final of four steps of line balancing.

Answer 56

Narrowing choices further to final decision.