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MOD 1 > Chapter 6 pt 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

location of dendritic cells

A

in epithelia, lymphoid organs and most tissue

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2
Q

role of NK cells

A

early protection against many viruses and intracellular bacteria

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3
Q

innate lympohid cells

A

look like lymphocytes but have features of innate immunity

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4
Q

plasma proteins

A

complement
mannose binding lectin
CRP
lung surfactant

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5
Q

complement system innate and adaptive

A

innate by alternative and lectin path

adapative uses classical pathway by recognizing microbes coated with Abs

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6
Q

TLRs signal via NF-Kb and what else

A

Interferon regulatory factors which stimulates the production of antiviral cytokines (type 1 interferons)

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7
Q

NLR signal via what and can play a role in what

A

inflammasome pathway

gout
obesity associated type 2 diabetes
atheroscelrosis

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8
Q

inflammasome pathway

A

1) NLRP3 recognizes pathogenic bacteria or extracell ATP
2) recruit adapter protein (X2) and inactivated caspase-1 (X2)
3) caspase-1 becomes activated and cleaves Pro-IL1B to IL-1B
4) IL-1B secreted and causes accute inflammation and fever

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9
Q

where is C-type lectin receptors located and on which cells

what does it detect

A

on PM of macrophages and dendritic cells

detects fungal glycans and elicit inflammatory reactions

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10
Q

G protein coupled receptors that recog microbes are on what cells
and recognize what microbes

A

neutrophils macrophages and most leukocytes

recognize bacterial peptides containing N-FMEt

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11
Q

B lymphocyte functions

A

neutralization of microbe with Abs
phagocytosis
complement activation

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12
Q

helper T cell function

A

activation of macrophages
inflammation
prolif and diff of T and B cells

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13
Q

what is clonal selection

A

when a lymphyocyte is exposed and responds to one antigen it undergoes this and proliferates
-all the “clones” recognize the same antigen

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14
Q

lymphocyte diversity: enzymes that are recomb

A

RAG-1 and RAG-2

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15
Q

majority of lymphocytes in blood and tissue are

A

T lymphocytes

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16
Q

TCR 2 types

A

95% are made up of a and B polypeptide chain

small population are yd

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17
Q

what do yd TCR receptors recognize

  • where do they aggregate
  • assistance or no assistance MHC proteins
A

Lipids, peptides, and small molecules
without assistance from MHC proteins
aggregatie at epithelial surfaces

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18
Q

NK T cells recognize what dsiplayed by what

A

glycolipids displayed by MHC like molecule CD1

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19
Q

which is more prevelenat CD4 or CD8

A

CD4: 60%
CD8: 30%

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20
Q

innate lymphoid cells produce what cytokines

A

IFN-y
IL-5
IL-17
IL-22

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21
Q

functions of innate lymphoid cells

A

early defense against infections
recognize and eliminate stressed cells
provide cytokines that influence differntiation of T lympocytes

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22
Q

what are innate lymphoid cells

A

populations of lymphocytes that lack TCRs but produce cytokines similar to T cells
NK cells are first defined

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23
Q

what happens in the bone marrow

A

production of all blood cells and where B lymphocytes mature

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24
Q

what is the main fnct of peripheral lymphoid organs

A

concentrate antigens, APCs, and lymphocytes in same spot

-optimizes interactions amoung these cells

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25
dendritic cells and LN
dendritic cells pick up and transport antigens of microbes from epithelia and tissue via lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes. migrate to T cell zones and present them to T cells
26
in the spleen antigens are trapped by ____ and ___
macrophages and dendritic cells | recognize bloodborne antigens
27
where are 1/2 of the body's lymphocytes | what types of cells are many of these
in the mucosal tissues, many are memory cells
28
what do B cell receptors recognize
proteins, polysaccharides and lipids
29
process of antigen presentation and prolif of T cells
APC presents to naive T cell with costimulation and cytokines naive T cell expresses high affinity IL-2R and secretes IL-2 (autocrine) causes prolfieration into effector and memory cells
30
which T helper subset is involved in IBD, psoriasis and granulomatous inflammation
Th1
31
which t helper subset is involved in IBD, psoriasis, and MS
Th17
32
type 1 hypersensitivity Abs produced and others released
IgE vasoactive amines mediateors from mast cells
33
type II HS Abs released
IgG and IgM bind to antigen on target cell | -phagocytosis or lysis of target
34
type II prototypical disorders
autoimmune hemolytic anemia goodpasture syndrome unmatched blood transfucsion
35
type III HS disorders
SLE, some glomerulonephritis, serum sickness, arthus reactions
36
type IV HS disorders
contact dermatitis, MS, T1DM, tuberculosis`
37
type 1 HS reactions (2)
immediate: vasodilation, vascular leakage, SM spasm, glandular secretion - minutes after exposure, subsides in few hours late-phase reaction without additinal exposure to antigen last several days infiltrate tissue with BEN monocytes and cd4+ T cells
38
besides IgE what else are mast cells triggered by
``` complement components (C5a and C3a) chemokines (IL-8) drugs (codeine and morphin) adenosine melittin (in bee venom) physical stimuli (hot, cold, sunlight) ``` 8 DAMP coochie
39
Th2 cells nad IL-4
``` stimulates class switching of B cells to IgE promotes development of additional Th2 cells ```
40
IL-13 from Th2 cells
enhances IgE production | acts on epithelial cells to stimulate mucus secretion
41
crosslinking of FceR1 receptor on mast cell downstream signaling
cytokine gene activation-->cytokines and chemokines secreted (late phase reaction) signals activation of phospholipase A2 which leads to production of Arachidonic acid and PAF -arachdonic acid forms PGD2 and LT B4,C4,D,4 (late phase reaction) signals for degranulation -histamine, proteases (immediate reaction)
42
what are in the preformed mast cell granules
histamine: intense SM contraction, increased vascular perm, increased mucus secretion enzymes neutral proteases (chymase and tryptase) and acid hydrolases - tissue damage - act on precursor proteins to make - kinins and C3a proteoglycans -heparin chondroitin sulfate
43
lipid mast cell mediators LT and prostaglandins and ___
LT C4 and D4: most potent vasoactive and spasmogenic agents known prostaglandin D2 -intense bronchospasm and increased mucus secretion PAF: platelet aggregation, release of histamine, bronchospasm, incresaed vascular permeability, and vasodilation PB HIV
44
mast cell cytokines produced
TNF, IL-1 and chemokines - leukocyte recruitment (late phase rxn) - inflammatory cells release additional waves of mediators and cause epithelial cell damage IL-4 -amplifies Th2 response
45
late phase reaction ____ recruited without what
leukocytes recruited without antigen
46
what cells in late phase reaction damage tisue and via what
eosinophils via proteases, MBP, and eosinophil cationic protein
47
how do you treat late phase reaction
with anti-inflammatory drugs | anti-histamine only good for immediate rxn
48
people with increased atopy have higher what and more what
IgE levels and more Il-4 producing Th2
49
non-atopic allergy triggered by what what cells
20-30% of immediate hypersensitivity rxns triggered by non-antigenic stimuli like temperature extremes and exercise no Th2 or IgE thought due to mast cells that are abnormally sensitive to activation
50
examples of disorders caused by immediate hypersensitivity
``` anaphylaxis bronchial asthma allergic rhinitis, sinusitis hay fever food allergies ```
51
type II HS Abs (2 types)
autoantibodies or antigbodies to exogenous antigens such as chemical or microbial proteins
52
mechanisms of Ab mediated injury
1) opsoniztion of cells by Abs and complement components and ingestion by phagocytes 2) inflammation induced by Ab binding to Fc receptors of leukocytes and by complement breakdown products 3) antireceptor antibbodies disturb normal fnct of receptors (graves disease and myasthenia gravis)
53
Ab mediated cell destruction and phagocytosis in disease (type II HS)
Transfusion reactions -cells from incompatile donor react with and opsonized by preformed abs in host hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) -maternal IgG anti erythrocyte Abs cross placenta and cause destruction of fetal red cells certain drug reactions -drug acts as hapten by attaching to PM of red cells and Abs produced against the complex
54
Ab mediated inflammation in disease (Type II HS)
glomerulonephritis, vascular rejection in organ grafts
55
antigens for type III HS
can be endogenous or exogenous
56
immune complex mediated diseases preferentially involve
kidney (glomerulonephritis) joints (arthritis) small blood vessels (vasculitis)
57
immune complex disease pathogenesis
complement fixing antibodies (IgG and IgM) | -induce pathologic lesions of immune complex disorders
58
complement proteins and immune complex disease
copmlement proteins detected at site of injury consumption in active disease--> decreased serum levels of C3 -monitor disease activity
59
T cell mediated hypersens damage
inflammation from cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells and cell killing by CD8+ T cells
60
what are the diseases in type 4
one more round of IPC diabetes type 1, MS, rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, psoriasis, contact dermatits
61
IFN-y activated macrophages do what
enhance ability to phagocytose and kill microbes express more MHC class II secrete TNF, IL-1 and chemokines-->inflammation produce more IL-12-->amplified Th1 response
62
what cytokine from Th17 is produced to amplify Th17 response
IL-21
63
classic example of DTH is what
tuberculin reaction
64
tuberculous infection has what cells dominate after 2-3 weeks
macrophages, fuse to make epitheloid cells, and these surrounded by lymphocytes called granuloma
65
granulomatous inflammation is associated with strong ____ cell activation and high level of cytokines like
Th1 cell | IFN-y
66
CD8+ t cell mediated diseases
type 1 diabetes and graft rejection after organ transplantation
67
Cd8+ cells plays role in what
reactions against virus (can cause cell damage) and killing of tumor cells
68
gut microbiome due what
``` play important role in local and systemic immune functions brain development (gut-brain axis) metabolic functions hormones and neurochem production biofilm ```
69
gut microbiome formed by
influence by mode of delivery child diet by 3-4 it is adult like maintained and altered by dietary changes
70
dysbiosis
alteration of body's microbial community that decreases pop of good bacteria, and allows bad bacteria to flourish

MOD 1 (6 decks)

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