Chapter 6 Semantics Flashcards
(30 cards)
Anti-Intersection Adjective
An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.
Antonymy or Antonym
A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite.
Compositional Meaning
The meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meaning of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined
Complementary Antonyms
Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word,the second word, or neither; and such that saying of something that it is not a member of the set denoted by the first word implicates that it is in the set denoted by the second word.
Compositional Semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions, and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined
Entailment
A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well.
Gradable Antonyms
Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale. ( Also known as gradable pairs and as scalar antonyms.
Hyponymy or Hyponym
A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y. X is then said to be a hyponym of Y, and conversely, Y is said to be a hypernym of X.
Idiom
A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.
Incompatibility
The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.
Intersective Adjective
An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.
Lexicon Semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.
Lexicon
A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning morphological, and syntactic properties. As a part of a descriptive, not mental, grammar, the lexicon is the representation of the mental lexicon, consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expressions.
Mental Image Definition
A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning.
Mutual Entailment
The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another.
Non-Intersection Adjective
An adjective whose reference is subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things.
Proposition
The sense expressed by a sentence. Characteristically, propositions can be true or false.
Prototype
For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set.
Pure Intersection
The relationship between the reference of an adjective an a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and their reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.
Reference
A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside word. The collection of all the referents of an expression.
Referent
An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.
Relative Intersection
Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.
Reverses
Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that “undoes” the movement suggested by the other.
Scalar Antonyms
Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale
