Chapter 6 Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Yellow Bone Marrow
A
Stores Fat
2
Q
Long
A
Longer then wide
Femur
3
Q
Functions of Skeletal System
A
- Support
- Movement
- Protection
- Hem
- Storage
4
Q
Flat
A
Thin
Rib
5
Q
Short
A
Cubic Shaped
Carpals
6
Q
Irregular
A
Complex Shape
Vertebrae
7
Q
Sesamoid
A
Enclosed by a tendon
Patella
8
Q
Structural Bone
A
Small bones located within cranial structures (Joint)
9
Q
Ephipeseal Plate
A
Area of cartilage were bones grow in length
10
Q
Articular Cartilage
A
A layer of cartilage covering epiphyses to reduce friction in joints
11
Q
Periosteum
A
Tough outer covering around bone
12
Q
Diaphysis
A
Long Shaft
13
Q
Medullary Cavity
A
Hollow inside of the bone
14
Q
Osteogenic Cell
A
Unspecialized cells which undergo mitosis to become osteoblasts
15
Q
Osteoblasts
A
Bone building cells
16
Q
Osteocytes
A
Bone cells which maintain bone tissue
17
Q
Osteoclasts
A
Bone destroying cells
18
Q
Compact Bone
A
Makes up the shaft of all long bones
19
Q
Osteon
A
Basic unit of compact bone
20
Q
Haverisan
A
Contains blood vessels and nerves
21
Q
Lamella
A
Concentric rings of matrix
22
Q
Lacunae
A
Spaces with contain osteocytes
23
Q
Canaliculi
A
Canals that link osteocytes to haversian canal
24
Q
Spongy Bone
A
Contains red bone marrow and makes up the end of long bone
25
Red Bone Marrow
Produces Blood Cells
26
Bone Formation
Ossification
1. Initially in embryo and fetus
2. Growth
3. Remodeling
4. Repair of fractures
27
Intamembraneous
Bone forms directly in mesenchyme layer (Membrane Like)
28
Endocranial
Forms with hyaline cartilage developed from mesenchyme
29
Endocranial Ossification
1. Spongy bone is formed
| 2. Secondary center is deveopled
30
Length
Chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate divide and increase cartilage layer
31
Fontanels
Area of fibrous connective tissue in infant skulls that are replaced by bones
32
Structures
Immovable joint between the cranial bone in adult
33
Sinuses
Air spaces in cranial bones, lined with mucous membrane
34
Sesamoid Bone
Bones that are connected with tissue
35
Trabeculae
Lattice of bone with spaces between that contain red bone marrow
36
Classification
Cells become osteocytes
37
Primary ossification center
the first area of the bone to start ossifying
38
Secondary ossification center
Area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared
39
Remodeling
Resorption by osteoclasts and deposition by osteoblasts
40
Osteoporosis
A decrease in bone mass which increases the risk of fractures
41
Fracture
Trama to bone Tissue
42
Axial Skeleton
Protection
| Skull, sternum, rib, vertebrae
43
Appendicular Skeleton
Movement
| Arms, Shoulders, legs, hips
44
Male Pelvis
Heavier
| Pubic arch less then 90 degrees
45
Female pelvis
Wider and shallower
Pubic arch larger than 90 degree
Female give birth
46
Female Pelvis
Wider and shallower
Pubic arch more the 90 degree
Female give birth
47
Risk Factors for osteoporosis
```
Pettie
Women after menopause
Lack of exercise
Use of cigarette and alcohol
Family history
poor diet
```
48
Prevent for osteoporosis
```
Plenty of calcium
vitamin D
Weight-bearing exercise
avoiding cigarette and alcohol
Estrogen replacement therapy/ other drugs
```
49
Endosteum
Membrane which lines marrow cavity
50
Osteporosis
A decrease in bone mass which increases the risk of fractures
51
Steps for healing a fracture
1. Inflammatory stage
2. Reparative Stage
3. Remodeling stage
52
Support
Structural framework for body
53
Movement
Attachment site for muscles
54
Protection
Protects internal organs
55
Hem
Red bone marrow produces blood cells
56
Storage
Stores calcium, phosphorus, and fat
57
Osteomalacia
New bone formed during remodeling fails to clarify
58
Osteomyelitis
Baterial infection of the bone
59
Osteogenic sarcoma
Bone cancer
60
Joint
A point of contact between two bones, cartilage and bones or between teeth and bones
61
Fibrous
Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue
62
Cartilaginous
Bones held together by cartilage
63
Synovial
have a synovial cavity
64
Synarthrosis
An immoveable joint
| Skull structure
65
Amohiarhrosis
Slightly moveable joint
| Pubic Symphsis
66
Diathrosis
The freely movable joint has a synovial cavity
| Knee
67
Fibrous Capsule
Strong flexible layer that attaches to the periosteum
68
Synovial Membrane
Secretes synovial fluid which reduces friction
69
Accessory ligaments
Help connect bone to bone
70
Meniscus
Splits joint cavity into 2 separate areas, helps maintain joint stability
71
Bursa
A sac of synovial fluid located at the friction points in a joint
72
Arthroscopy
Surgical examination of joint
73
Arthroplasty
Joint replacement
74
Planar Joint
Found between small bones with flat surfaces
Side to side and back to forth movement
Carpals
75
Hinge Joint
Convex surfaces of one bone fitting into the concave surface of 2nd bone
back and forth movement
elbow
76
Pivot Joint
Round/ pointed surface of a bone fits in-ring formed by 2nd bone
Movement- Rotation
Atlas- axis joint
77
Condyloid Joint
Oval Shaped
Movement up and down and side to side
Wrist
78
Saddle Joint
Bone surface at joint is saddled shaped
Movement is side to side or up and down
Thumb
79
Ball and Socket Joint
The ball surface of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of 2nd bone
Permits the most movement
Circumduction
Shoulder
80
Arthritis
An inflammation of the joints which cause pain and stiffness
81
Osteoarthritis
The articular cartilage on the ends of the bones break down which results in bone rubbing against bone
82
Gout
Build up of uric acid in the blood, gets deposited in joints
83
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the cartilage in joints
84
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa
85
Dislocation
Bone is displaced out of joint cavity
86
Sprain
Twisting joint that stretches or tears ligament
87
Adduction
Movement away from the midline
88
Abduction
Movement towards the midline
89
Dorsiflexion
Flexing the foot
90
Plantar Flexion
Pointing the foot
91
Extension
Increasing the angle
92
Hyperextension
Extending the joint beyond atomical position
93
Flexion
Decreasing joint angle
94
Rotation
Movement in a circular motion
95
Circumduction
Movement of the joint in a circular motion
96
Supination
Palm facing up
97
Pronation
Palm facing down
98
Eversion
Turning sole outwards
99
Inversion
Turning sole inwards
100
Protraction
Jut foward
101
Retraction
Draw back
102
Elevation
Raise up
103
Depression
Downward Movement
