Chapter 6: STUDY Flashcards
(25 cards)
Permeable
A substance or membrane that allows fluids or gases to pass through it
Selective Permeability (Plasma Membrane)
Allows only certain molecules to pass through; acting as gate
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance within a cell that fills the empty space; holds organelles + other cellular components
Nuclear Pores
Protein-lined channels in the Nuclear envelope that regulate movements of molecules
Golgi Apparatus
Consists of flattened membrane bound sacs (cisternae); modifies products of ER; move in a cis-to-trans
Cis Face
Entry point for newly synthesized proteins + lipids from Endoplasmic Reticulum
Trans Face
“Shipping Side” of golgi; proteins + lipids are sorted & packaged into transport vesicles; sent to membrane or lysosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of membrane-enclosed sacs & tubes; acts as a site for protein + lipid synthesis; storage detox
Rough ER
Ribosomes bound to its surface; produces proteins and a membrane factory for the cell
Smooth ER
Lipid synthesis, carb metabolism, calcium storage and detoxifies poison
Ribosomes
Particles made of rRNA (ribosomal) & proteins; carry out protein synthesis
Endocytosis
Process of delivering things into the cell from extracellular environ.
Exocytosis
Process of excretion (waste + hormones) to exterior of cell
3 Specific Human Body Tasks
Carry genetic material; protein synthesis (ribosomes); Transportation between organelles
Central Dogma of Biology
DNA -> RNA -> Protein; transcription to translation
How does the Central Dogma relate to the endomembrane system
DNA is stored + transcribed in the nucleus;
RNA travels to ribosomes (Rough ER + Golgi); Rough ER folds + modifies protein; Golgi packages and send them around
After translation, endomembrane system makes sure proteins follow instructions
How do some cells recognize other cells
They bind to molecules on the extracellular (outside) surface of the plasma membrane
What do vacuoles store
Organic compounds and water
Step 1 of endomembrane system
Nuclear envelope is connected to rough ER, also continous with smooth ER
Step 2 of Endomembrane System
Membranes and proteins produced by the ER flow in the form of transport vesicles to the golgi
Step 3 of endomembrane system
Golgi pinches off transport vesicles and other vesicles that give rise to lysosomes and vacuoles
Step 4 of Endomembrane
Lysosome available for fusion with another vesicle for digestion
Step 5
Transport vesicle carries proteins to plasma membrane for secretion
Step 6
Plasma membrane expands by fusion of vesicles; proteins are secreted from cell
