Chapter 6 - TEAMWORK Flashcards
IMO Resolution 285
“ensures that an efficient lookout is mainlainetl’ but concedes that “There may be circumstances in which the officer of the watch can safely be the sole lookout in daylight.”
“When the officer of the watch is acting as the sole lookout he must not hesitate to summon assistance to the bridge, and when for any reason he is unable to give his undivided attention to the lookout such assistance must be immediately available.”
Watchkeeping duties assigned to the seaman by the OOW
1 Has been properly instructed in lookout duties as to what is expected of him.
2 Knows how to report observations.
3 Is adequately clothed and protected from the weather.
4 Is relieved as frequently as necessary.
5 Is positioned where he can best act as lookout.
Highrisk situations that requires two navigating officers (OOW and the back up)
I Narrow margins of safety requiring very careful track maintenance.
2 Reduced underkeel clearance.
3 Heavy traffic.
4 Poor visibility or any combination of similar factors.
What is the responsability of the OOW?
To see that the vessl is safely and efficiently steered. Thats why sometimes its necessary a man on the wheel in addition to the lookout.
The reponsability of the OOW when there is more people assiting him
It is his responsibility to ensure that they are aware of their duties and carry them out in a manner that will enhance the effectiveness of the watch. Although neither person, in this case, should find the duties particularly onerous or difficult, the watch officer still needs to ensure that orders are correctly followed, e.g. helm orders are complied with as required, not as the helmsman thinks fit.
OOW calling the master. Whos responsible for the con?
Calling the master to the bridge will not transfer the con from the watch officer to the master.
Until such time as the master actually declares that he has the con the OOW must still carry out his duties as he was prior to the master’s arrival.
Once the master has taken the con, and the event has been logged, then the watch officer moves into a supportive role, but is still responsible for the actions of his watch members.
Why would the OOW calls the master?
Under certain circumstances the OOW may find it is necessary to call the master to the bridge. This may be because the pre-planning requires the presence of the master on the bridge or the master’s standing or night orders have required him to be called under the developing
circumstances or because the OOW has realised that the situation needs the experience and expertise of the master.
How to define the role of the individual team members?
Quite obviously this will to a large extent depend upon the individuals involved and the practice of the ship, but unless each individual’s role is understood by all involved certain functions may be duplicated or ignored.
Teamwork will depend upon agreed roles and the suggestitions of the brigde team management book.
Role of the master (suggestion)
The MASTER controls movement of the vessel in accordance with the Rule of the Road and recommended traffic schemes, regulates the course and speed, supervises the safe navigation of the vessel and coordinates and supervises the overall watch organisation.
Role of the OOW (suggestion)
The WATCH OFFICER continues to navigate the ship reporting relevant information to the master, ensuring that such infonnation is acknowledged. He fixes the vessel and advises the master of the position and other information. He monitors the execution of helm and engine
orders, coordinates all internal and external communications, records all required entries in log books and performs other duties as required by the master.
Additional officer (sugestion)
An ADDITIONAL OFFICER’s role will be to provide the master with radar based traffic infonnation and to giving general backup to the OOW OD the chart. This will include providing the chart with navigational information as required, conflTming important navigational decisions and coping with both internal and external communications.
The most important thing about the distribution of the taks in the brigde
The important thing to bear in mind is that each member of the team knows the role that he is required to carry out and the roles of other members of the team. As stated above this will preclude unnecessary duplication of tasks and, more importantly, ensure that other tasks are not ignored or overlooked.
Advantages of the simulated exercises
1 Simulation need not be restricted to onIy one group. Depending on the facilities available, timetables can be written to accommodate additional groups.
2 Each group can be operating identical exercises, as simulators are capable of being rescheduled, not only on a daily basis but even to ensure that all groups receive the same course.
3 Problems required for each group can be introduced. either at the layout stage of the exercise, or even during the operation of an exercise.
4 There is no real risk to either personnel or equipment.
5 Each student has the opportunity to engage in all roles, including those senior to his current position.
6 Personnel involved in the exercise feel totally independent in that there is no need for staff to be on the simulated bridge. although interested persons can monitor the bridge from the simulator control room.
7 Failures can be introduced to test contingency plans and teamwork.
8 Communication skills can be enhanced through VHF exercises with VTS pilot stations and ships’ agents, as well as discussions within the group.
9 The value of teamwork can be demonstrated.
10 People’s knowledge of passage planning and navigational techniques can be improved.
Why the author recommends the simulator training?
Because it is a valid way of managing and reducing navigational risk.
Os exercícios podem ser manejados visando a necessidade de um grupo específico. Várias variáveis, como o navio, o local de navegação, o tráfego, e o clima podem ser adaptadas.
Os estudantes terão a oportunidade de planejar, executar (experienciar) e controlar a embarcação em diversas situações, além de discutir os resultados com a equipe e os demais alunos.
Dessa forma, eles poderão retornar ao mar com um maior entendimento dos procedimentos necessários.
A typical Information flow when approaching pilotage waters
