Chapter 6 Test Flashcards
Male gamete
Sperm
Female gamete
Egg
Haploid cells produced during meiosis in the female of many species; these cells have little more DNA and eventually disintegrate
Polar body
Characteristics that is inherited
Trait
Study of the heredity patterns and variation of organisms
Genetics
Type of organism whose ancestors were genetically uniform
Purebred
Mating of two organisms
Cross
Mendel’s first law, stating that (1) organisms inherit two copies of genes one from each parent, and (2) organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes because the gene
Law of Segregation
Specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein
Gene
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome
Allele
Characteristics of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids
Homozygous
Characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids
Heterozygous
All of an organism genetic material
Genome
Collection of all of an organisms genetic information that codes for traits
Genotype
Collection of all of an organisms physical chracteristics
Phenotype
Allele that is recessive when two different alleles are present in an organisms genotype
Dominant
Allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organisms genotype
Recessive
Model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating
Punnet Square
Cross, or mating between organisms that involve only one pair of contrasting traits
Monohybrid
Cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype
Testcross
Cross, or mating, between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
Dihybrid cross
Mendel’s second law, stating that allele pairs separate from one another during gamete formation
Law of independent assortment
Likelihood that a particular event will happen
Probability
Exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosome during meiosis 1
Crossing over
