Chapter 6: The Circulatory System

Question 1

Blood Vessel structure

Answer 1

walls are composed of endothelial tissue, smooth muscle, and connective tissue

Question 2

lumen

Answer 2

space within blood vessel blood flows through

Question 3

arteries

Answer 3

large, thick-walled blood vessels that propel O2 rich blood

Question 4

aorta

Answer 4

largest artery; branches into smaller arteries (branches straight off the heart)

Question 5

radial artery

Answer 5

artery located near the thumb side of wrist; most common site for obtaining a pulse rate

Question 6

carotid artery

Answer 6

artery located near the side of the neck; the most accessible site to check for a pulse rate in an emergency

Question 7

brachial artery

Answer 7

artery located in the antecubital space of the elbow; the most common place to obtain a blood pressure reading

Question 8

femoral artery

Answer 8

artery located in the groin area; may be used for arterial punctures by specially trained personnel

Question 9

pulmonary artery

Answer 9

only artery that does not carry oxygenated blood (carries blood from heart to lungs)

Question 10

veins

Answer 10

thinner walls carry O2 poor blood, CO2, other waste products back to heart; have one way valves

Question 11

capillaries

Answer 11

smallest vessel; contain arterial and venous blood

Question 12

superior vena cava

Answer 12

vein that carries blood from the upper body to the heart

Question 13

inferior vena cava

Answer 13

vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart

Question 14

great saphenous

Answer 14

principle vein in the leg and longest vein in the body

Question 15

pulmonary vein

Answer 15

only vein carrying oxygenated blood (from lung to heart)

Question 16

heart location

Answer 16

hollow, muscular organ located in thoracic cavity between lungs and to the left

Question 17

heart layers (outer to inner)

Answer 17

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Question 18

heart chambers

Answer 18

right and left atrium (collect blood), right and left ventricles (pump blood)

Question 19

right side of heart

Answer 19

pump for pulmonary circulation

Question 20

left side of heart

Answer 20

pump for the systemic circulation

Question 21

Blood pathway #1

Answer 21

superior and inferior vena cava bring O2 poor blood to R.A.

Question 22

blood pathway #2

Answer 22

blood passes through the tricuspid valve to R.V.

Question 23

Blood pathway #3

Answer 23

R.V. contracts and pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 24

Blood pathway #4

Answer 24

blood is transported by the pulmonary arteries to both lungs for oxygenation

Question 25

blood pathway #5

Answer 25

oxygenated blood is brought back to the left atrium by the pulmonary veins

Question 26

blood pathways #6

Answer 26

blood passed through bicuspid (mitral) valve into L.V.

Question 27

blood pathway #7

Answer 27

blood leaves the L.V. through aortic semilunar valve into aorta

Question 28

Heart disorders

Answer 28

angina pectoris, bacterial endocarditis, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, rheumatic heart disease

Question 29

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 29

contraction (systolic) and relaxation (diastolic) of the cardiac muscle that occurs in one heartbeat

Question 30

Cardiac Cycle Path

Answer 30

1.SA Node 2.AV Node 3.Bundle of His 4.R/L Bundle Branches 5.Purkinje Fibers

Question 31

SA node

Answer 31

in upper right atrium, pacemaker of heart, initiates the heartbeat

Question 32

AV node

Answer 32

in lower interatrial septum, receives the electrical impulse, both right and left atria contract, forcing blood into ventricles

Question 33

purkinje fibers

Answer 33

covers ventricles, causes ventricular contraction

Question 34

electrocardiogram

Answer 34

measures cardiac cycle with electrodes, P wave represents transmission of the SA node to atria, GRS complex and T wave represents activity of ventricles

Question 35

heart rate/pulse rate

Answer 35

60-80 times per minute

Question 36

arrhythmia

Answer 36

irregular heart rate

Question 37

bradycardia

Answer 37

<60 bpm

Question 38

tachycardia

Answer 38

>100 bpm

Question 39

blood pressure

Answer 39

pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels during contraction and relaxation

Question 40

Blood components

Answer 40

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

Question 41

plasma

Answer 41

55% of total blood volume; clear pale-yellow fluid that is 91% water

Question 42

plasma contents

Answer 42

proteins, nutrients, mineral, gases, vitamins, hormones, waste products, 91% water; has Abs that react with Ags on RBCs

Question 43

RBCs

Answer 43

contain hemoglobin for transporting O2 and CO2; contain surface Ags that make up ABO and Rh type

Question 44

WBCs

Answer 44

provides immunity; 5 types

Question 45

neutrophils

Answer 45

kill bacteria, respond to inflammation

Question 46

lymphocytes

Answer 46

kill viruses; make antibodies

Question 47

monocytes

Answer 47

digest foreign material

Question 48

eosinophils

Answer 48

kills parasites, respond to allergies

Question 49

basophils

Answer 49

release histamine

Question 50

platelets

Answer 50

small irregular cell fragments that cause blood to clot

Question 51

Coagulation Stage 1

Answer 51

blood vessels constrict (minimize blood loss), platelets become sticky; platelets clump to form a plug at the site of vascular damage

Question 52

Coagulation Stage 2

Answer 52

coagulation cascade; series of proteins that get activated, form hairlike strands to fill in gaps between platelets to make a more secure clot

Question 53

Coagulation Stage 3

Answer 53

clot retracts bringing the torn vessel edges closer together

Question 54

Coagulation Stage 4

Answer 54

damage to vessel is repaired, clot gets dissolved