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SS103 - Physiology > Chapter 6: The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

secondary endocrine organ

A

an organ that secretes hormones, but is better known for another function

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2
Q

which endocrine organ is located in the brain?

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

neurohypophysis

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4
Q

What hormone released by the posterior pituitary functions in uterine contraction and milk letdown in the breast?

A

Oxytocin

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5
Q

Secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by ________ released from the ________.

A

releasing hormones : hypothalamus

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6
Q

What ensure(s) that blood levels of a specific releasing hormone are locally high in order to stimulate the pituitary?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

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7
Q

what is not a hormone released from the anterior pituitary

A

prolactin inhibiting hormone

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8
Q

Which tropic hormone is responsible for controlling the release of follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary?

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

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9
Q

correctly describe a pathway for secretion of a hormone under the control of tropic hormones?

A

GHRH stimulates GH release, which stimulates insulin-like growth factor release.

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10
Q

Which of the following tropic hormones is a catecholamine?

A

prolactin-inhibiting hormone

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11
Q

Which of the following is a correct example of long-loop negative feedback?

A

Glucocorticoids inhibit the release of CRH.

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12
Q

Which of the following is a correct example of short-loop negative feedback?

A

TSH inhibits the release of TRH.

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13
Q

The release of ________ from the pineal gland is important for establishing ________.

A

melatonin : circadian rhythm

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14
Q

The thyroid gland secretes what hormone?

A

both thyroid hormones and calcitonin

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15
Q

What is triiodothyronine?

A

a thyroid hormone secreted from the thyroid gland

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16
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT released from the adrenal gland?

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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17
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the endocrine region of the pancreas?

A

glucocorticoids

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18
Q

What layer of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids?

A

zona glomerulosa only

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19
Q

What layer of the adrenal cortex secretes androgens?

A

both zonae reticularis and fasciculata

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20
Q

What region of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine?

A

medulla

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21
Q

What cells secrete epinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

A

chromaffin cells

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22
Q

Which of the following is an incorrect association between pancreatic cell type and hormone secreted?

A

Epsilon cells secrete calcitonin.

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23
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by gonads?

A

oxytocin

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24
Q

What anterior pituitary hormone is NOT a tropic hormone?

A

prolactin

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25
Which of the following hormones regulates plasma calcium levels?
both calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
26
What hormone is secreted by the heart?
atrial natriuretic peptide
27
Where does the neural input for circadian rhythmicity of hypothalamic tropic hormones originate?
suprachiasmatic nucleus
28
Abnormal hormone secretions from an endocrine gland due to altered tropic hormone release are called ________.
secondary secretion disorders
29
Which of the following changes in plasma levels would be observed in a primary hyposecretion of cortisol?
increased CRH, increased ACTH, and decreased cortisol
30
A person has a tumor in the hypothalamus causing an excess in TRH secretion. Which of the following correctly describes changes in plasma levels of hormones?
increased TRH, increased TSH, and increased thyroid hormones
31
A person has a tumor in the anterior pituitary causing a decrease in ACTH secretion. Which of the following correctly describes changes in plasma levels of hormones?
increased CRH, decreased ACTH, and decreased cortisol
32
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of insulin catabolism in target cells?
degradation by insulin-degrading enzyme following receptor-mediated endocytosis
33
When the response to two hormones is equal to the sum of their individual responses, the response is described as ________.
additive
34
When the response to two hormones is greater than the sum of the individual responses, the response is described as ________.
synergistic
35
A releasing hormone is a type of tropic hormone.
TRUE
36
The hypothalamus is connected to the posterior pituitary by the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system.
FALSE
37
The secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary is controlled by hypothalamic tropic hormones.
TRUE
38
Growth hormone functions as both a tropic hormone and as a hormone that acts on target cells throughout the body.
TRUE
39
The only non-peptide/protein tropic hormone is somatostatin.
FALSE
40
The only non-peptide/protein tropic hormone is dopamine.
TRUE
41
The release of LH and FSH by the anterior pituitary is under control of the same hypothalamic tropic hormone.
TRUE
42
In a short negative feedback loop, a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary inhibits the release of its own releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.
TRUE
43
The hormone thymosin is released from the thyroid gland.
FALSE
44
The thyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone.
FALSE
45
The parathyroid glands secrete calcitonin.
FALSE
46
The zona fasciculata secretes both androgens and glucocorticoids.
TRUE
47
All hormones of the adrenal cortex are steroid hormones.
TRUE
48
The skin is necessary for the activation of calcitonin.
FALSE
49
Insulin-like growth factors are secreted by the liver and function to promote tissue growth.
TRUE
50
The magnitude of response at the target cell depends on both the concentration of hormone and the concentration of receptor.
TRUE
51
All hormones are required to be bound to carrier proteins in order to be active.
FALSE
52
Hormones transported in blood bound to proteins are metabolized more slowly than those traveling dissolved in plasma.
TRUE
53
Regulation of insulin release by blood glucose levels is an example of humoral control of hormone secretion.
TRUE
54
Growth hormone has direct action on target cells throughout the body.
TRUE
55
Much of the insulin is removed from the blood as it passes through the liver.
TRUE
56
Kidney cells contain insulin-degrading enzyme.
TRUE
57
adrenal cortex has what hormones
aldosterone androgens cortisol
58
thyroid gland has what hormones
calcitonin
59
pancreas is associated with what hormone
insulin somatostatin glucagon
60
posterior pituitary is associated with what hormone
vasopressin | oxytocin
61
adrenal medulla is associated with what hormones
epinephrine
62
f cells (pancreatic) secrete what hormone
pancreatic polypeptide
63
delta cells (pancreatic) secrete what hormone
somatostatin
64
beta cells (pancreatic) secrete what hormone
insulin
65
alpha cells (pancreatic) secrete what hormone
glucagon
66
What is the name of the stalk that connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
infundibulum
67
What are hormones that regulate the release of other hormones called?
tropic hormones
68
What is the hormone whose release is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in men?
inhibin
69
Name the two hormones released in females in response to LH.
estrogens and progesterones
70
Inhibition of TRH release by the thyroid hormones is an example of (long-loop / short-loop) negative feedback.
long loop
71
What hormone released from the thyroid gland regulates blood calcium?
calcitonin
72
Parathyroid hormone regulates blood levels of what ion?
calcium
73
Aldosterone is secreted by which layer(s) of cells within the adrenal cortex?
zona glomerulosa
74
What cells of the adrenal medulla secrete catecholamines?
chromaffin cells
75
Identify the two classes of input that can alter the secretion of hormones.
neural signals and humoral signals
76
An alteration within the anterior pituitary that decreases the secretion of thyroid hormone would be termed a ________ disorder.
secondary secretion
77
Acromegaly is caused by a(n) (increase / decrease) in growth hormone in adults.
increase
78
A hormone is ________ when a second hormone is required for the first hormone to have any activity.
permissive
79
What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down insulin in target cells?
insulin-degrading enzyme
80
What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down insulin in kidney cells?
insulin-degrading enzyme

SS103 - Physiology (6 decks)

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