Chapter 6 Vocab Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is an acid?
A species that can donate a proton.
Electrophiles
A species that can accept an electron pair from a nucleophile, forming a bond.
Aprotic solvent
A solvent without acidic protons; no O-H or N-H groups.
Nucleophiles
A species that can donate an electron pair to an electrophile, breaking a bond.
Hydride shift
When a hydrogen atom moves to a carbon atom bearing a positive charge from an adjacent carbon in the same molecule.
Methyl shift
When a methyl group moves to a carbon atom bearing a positive charge from an adjacent carbon atom in the same molecule.
SN1 Reaction Steps
1: Leaving group leaves, and rearrangement CAN occur.
2: Nucleophile attacks -
3: Loss of H+ (deprotanation)
SN2 Reaction Steps
Simultaneously: The nucleophile attacks, and the leaving group leaves.
If there is a charged nucleophile:
You can rule out carbocation formation (i.e. rule out SN1). The reaction will be SN2.
Reactions where only neutral nucleophiles are present:
Tend to form carbocations.
Tertiary Carbons:
Use SN1 mechanisms
Primary Carbons:
Use SN2 mechanisms
Good leaving groups:
I > Br > Cl > F
What side are ions attacked on?
Attack = On back
A species with a negative charge is ____
Generally a stronger nucleophile.
