Chapter 6.3 - Exam Review Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 6.3 - Exam Review Deck (23)
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1
Q

The (rods/cones) of the Retina are utilised for night vision or peripheral vision during the day?

A

Rods.

2
Q

The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the (lens/iris)?

A

Iris.

3
Q

Perfect vision (6/6 or 20/20) is limited to the most central part of the Retina which contains only cones. What is this most central part of the Retina called?

A

The Fovea.

4
Q

It takes (30 seconds/30 minutes) for the eyes to adjust to sunlight and (30 seconds/30 minutes) for them to adjust to darkness?

A
  • 30 seconds.

- 30 minutes.

5
Q

During daylight, because of the central location of the cones, you can see an object better by looking directly at it. To see an object more clearly at night, how is the best way to view it?

A

Slightly off-centre.

6
Q

True or False. Closing one eye if you are briefly exposed to bright light in the cockpit may protect that eye so it need not re-adapt to darkness?

A

True.

7
Q

True or False. Red light in the cockpit at night may degrade and distort some small features on maps?

A

True.

8
Q

Myopia is a refractive error of the eye. It is commonly called (Short-sightedness/long-sightedness)?

A

Short-sightedness.

9
Q

A condition where the focusing power of the eye weakens with age is called (astigmatism/presbyopia)?

A

Presbyopia.

10
Q

For the human eye to discriminate between two objects, the objects must be separated by less than (30 seconds/15 seconds) of arc?

A

30 seconds.

11
Q

Visual fatigue can lead to impaired visual focusing which is related to empty-field myopia. List four common symptoms of visual fatigue?

A
  • Blurred Vision.
  • Heavy Eyelid Sensation.
  • Frontal Headache.
  • Sore Eyes.
12
Q

To overcome the problem of a short focal distance in ‘empty’ sky condition, Pilots should repeatedly re-focus on the (closest/most distant) object that can be seen?

A

Most Distant.

13
Q

The (cones/rods) of the Retina play the major part in the perception of colour?

A

Cones.

14
Q

Most colour vision deficiencies are inherited. Which two colours are usually affected?

A
  • Red.

- Green.

15
Q

If you look towards the sun for any length of time, visual efficiency gradually reduces. Briefly explain the reason for this?

A

Too much light enters the eyes.

16
Q

A ventilation passage which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose is called the (Otolith Passage/Eustachian Tube)?

A

Eustachian Tube.

17
Q

Both the Cochlea and the Vestibular Apparatus are located in the (middle/inner) ear?

A

Inner.

18
Q

The Cochlea is responsible for our (hearing/balance) and the Vestibular Apparatus for our (hearing/balance)?

A
  • Hearing.

- Balance.

19
Q

The eardrum, in order to function properly, must have equal pressure on either side so that it can vibrate freely and allow us to hear. By what structure is this pressure on either side so it can vibrate freely and allow us to hear? By what structure is this pressure equalised?

A

The Eustachian Tube.

20
Q

Semi-circular canals, Otoliths, sensory hair cells, fluid and nerves, are all part of the (Hearing Mechanism/Vestibular System)?

A

Vestibular System.

21
Q

Vibrations from the eardrum are amplified in the (middle/lower) ear before sound is conducted to the inner ear?

A

Middle.

22
Q

A major component of the (middle ear/inner ear) is the Eustachian Tube?

A

Middle.

23
Q

In the (inner/middle ear), the (eardrum/cochlea) converts amplified sound vibrations into nerve impulses which are then transmitted to the brain via the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

A
  • Inner.

- Cochlea.