Chapter 6.5 - Loading & Balance

Question 1

Loading and Balance limitations are used to identify what (2)?

Answer 1

• Centre of Gravity (CG) doesn’t not exceed its limit.

- Maximum Allowable Weight.

Question 2

What does AEW/EW stand for?

Answer 2

• Aircraft Empty Weight.

- Empty Weight.

Question 3

Define AEW/EW?

Answer 3

The weight of an Aircraft excluding all removable equipment.

Question 4

Define Arm/Movement Arm?

Answer 4

The horizontal distance in millimetres from the CG datum to the CG of an item being loaded.

Question 5

What does BEW stand for?

Answer 5

Basic Empty Weight.

Question 6

Define BEW?

Answer 6

Empty Weight plus optional equipment.

Question 7

What is meant as ‘optional equipment’ for BEW?

Answer 7

Total Engine Oil Weight.

Question 8

True or False. A Cessna 172 does not include full Engine Oil in their Empty Weight?

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

What does CG stand for?

Answer 9

Centre of Gravity.

Question 10

Define CG?

Answer 10

A point where the Aircraft would be balance if suspended at that point.

Question 11

The Centre of Gravity Datum is also known as what?

Answer 11

Loading Reference Point.

Question 12

Define Centre of Gravity Limits?

Answer 12

The most forward and rearward (aft) locations from the Centre of Gravity.

Question 13

What does Aft mean?

Answer 13

Rearwards.

Question 14

Define Floor Loading Limits?

Answer 14

The maximum load a Cabin/Compartment can be loaded.

Question 15

What does IU stand for?

Answer 15

Index Unit.

Question 16

What two units are used in IU?

Answer 16

• kg – mm.

- lb – in.

Question 17

Define Maximum Baggage Compartment Load and where can this be found (2)?

Answer 17

• The Maximum Weight that can be carried in the baggage compartment.
• Can be found in the Flight Manual.

Question 18

What does SG stand for?

Answer 18

Specific Gravity.

Question 19

Define SG?

Answer 19

The ratio of mass for volume of Fuel/Oil to the same volume of Water.

Question 20

What is the SG for AVGAS?

Answer 20

0.71.

Question 21

Passengers and Baggage must be weighed for an Aircraft with less than how many seats?

Answer 21

7.

Question 22

True or False. Location of compartments can affect the Total Weight and Centre of Gravity?

Answer 22

True.

Question 23

If the CG is moved forward of the forward CG limit, the Aircraft will become difficult to control in which speed?

Answer 23

Low Speeds.

Question 24

Which part of flight will be difficult to control the Aircraft, if the CG is moved forward of the forward CG limit?

Answer 24

Landing.

Question 25

If the CG is moved aft of the aft CG limit, what tendency will happen to the Tail/Nose and the Aircraft’s flight condition (3)?

Answer 25

- Tail goes down. - Nose goes up. - Aircraft becomes unstable and uncontrollable.

Question 26

What does CWM and ACWM stand for (2)?

Answer 26

- Clockwise Moments. | - Anticlockwise Moments

Question 27

Clockwise Moments must equal what?

Answer 27

Anticlockwise Moments.

Question 28

How do you calculate CWM?

Answer 28

Sum of Weight(s), multiplied by the distance from Datum.

Question 29

How do you calculate ACWM (without knowing CG point)?

Answer 29

Total Weight multiply by X.

Question 30

What is X in ACWM?

Answer 30

Centre of Gravity Position (which is unknown yet).

Question 31

High Loads go with what Arm?

Answer 31

Short Arm.

Question 32

Low Loads go with what Arm?

Answer 32

Long Arm.

Question 33

Where can you find the Centre of Gravity Datum?

Answer 33

Flight Manual.

Question 34

What is the ‘Loaded Gross Weight’ of an Aircraft (4)?

Answer 34

- Empty Weight. - Fuel Load. - Pilot. - Other Loads.

Question 35

Define ‘Other Loads’ in the ‘Loaded Gross Weight’ of an Aircraft (2)?

Answer 35

- Passengers. | - Baggage/Cargo.

Question 36

Which ‘Loaded Gross Weight’ are fixed (2)?

Answer 36

- Empty Weight. | - Pilot.

Question 37

Which ‘Loaded Gross Weight’ are variables (3)?

Answer 37

- Fuel Load. - Passengers. - Baggage/Cargo.

Question 38

What three separate possibilities have to be taken into account when finding/using the ‘Loaded Gross Weight’ of an Aircraft?

Answer 38

- All known Loads are crossed-checked with Maximum Takeoff Weight. - Maximum Load available for Passengers/Baggage. - Maximum Load available for Fuel.

Question 39

Where can a Loading Graph be found?

Answer 39

Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Flight Manual.

Question 40

Name the two axis of a Loading Graph?

Answer 40

- Load Weight (kg and lb). | - Load Moment/1000 (kg – mm / lb – in).

Question 41

Name the five ‘Load Reference Lines’ found in a Loading Graph?

Answer 41

- Pilot and Front Passenger. - Fuel. - Rear Passengers. - Baggage Area 1/Passenger on Child’s Seat. - Baggage Area 2.

Question 42

Name two types of ‘Centre of Gravity Envelope’ graphs?

Answer 42

- Weight vs Loaded Moment. | - Weight vs CG Position.

Question 43

What calculations are used for the Centre of Gravity Envelope graphs (2)?

Answer 43

- Loaded Gross Weight. | - Loaded Moment.

Question 44

When Loading a light Aircraft, a Pilot must check for a particular flight and given loads are what (2)?

Answer 44

- Limiting Weight is not exceeded. | - Centre of Gravity is within the Envelope.

Question 45

When Loading a light Aircraft, a Pilot must determine for a particular flight what three aspects that can be carried?

Answer 45

- Maximum Fuel Load. - Maximum Baggage Load. - Maximum Passenger Load.

Question 46

How do you find out the Moment (IU) of a particular weight?

Answer 46

Cross reference using the Loading Graph.

Question 47

When carrying multiple passengers who should sit in the front row?

Answer 47

The heaviest.