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CATA 462 - Advanced e care > Chapter 6b - Respiratory emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 6b - Respiratory emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

2 majors s/s of respiratory distress

A

abnormal breathing
abnormal skin colour

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2
Q

Chief complain of respiratory distress

A

shortness of breath, dizzy, pain in chest, tingling

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3
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Difficulty breathing

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4
Q

general treatment of dyspnea

A

loosen restrictive clothing
semi-sitting/tripod position
O2

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5
Q

What is hyperventilation syndrome?

A

Rapid breathing +++, upsets O2/CO2 balance

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6
Q

Tx for hyperventilation syndrome

A

Calm down, remove from stimuli
Attempt to slow down breathing
No paper bags, use cupped hands
If cyanotic, paresthesia, lower LOC = give O2

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7
Q

what is bronchitis

A

excessive mucous secretions
inflammatory changes
prolonged exposure to irritants

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8
Q

S/s of bronchitis

A

sob, cough with sputum

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9
Q

what is emphysema

A

lungs unable to effectively exchange CO2/O2

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10
Q

s/s of emphysema

A

sob
difficult exhalation
cough
cyanosis
fever
restless
confused
weak

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11
Q

tx of emphysema

A

ventilatory support
careful with hyper-oxygenation

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12
Q

etiology of asthma

A

allergies, cold dry air, histamine, exercise, psych

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13
Q

pathogenesis of asthma

A

muscles contraction, inflammatory reaction
increase mucous production & viscosity
decrease air exchange due to spasm/yelling/secretions

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14
Q

s/s of asthma

A

wheeze on exhalation
difficulty breathing
chest tightness
ineffective cough
headache
tight/irritated throat
mild cyanosis

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15
Q

A silent asthmatic may lead to what?

A

Can progress to respiratory arrest

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16
Q

2 types of bronchodilators

A

short acting
long acting

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17
Q

short acting inhaler - 2 brands + their roles (2)

A

ventolin
- bronchodilator
- stimulates beta receptors
atrovent
- brochondilator
- beta agonist

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18
Q

long acting inhaler - 2 brands

A

Spiriva
Foradil

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19
Q

What is the rescue inhaler?

A

short-acting inhaler

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20
Q

Corticosteroids can be given via IV with serious asthma attacks

A

TRUE

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21
Q

Purpose of the spacer for asthma attacks

A

better because of the aero chamber

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22
Q

Purpose of the nebulizer for asthma

A

Changes asthma medications into a mist so that it can be more easily inhaled into the lungs

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23
Q

What is PEF

A

Peak expiratory flow
maximal rate that a person can exhale during a short maximal respiratory effort after a full inspiration

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24
Q

Green zone asthma action plan (specifications + action)

A

No symptoms
usual activities
peak flow 80% of personal best

Action: maintain medication use as is

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25
Q

Yellow zone asthma action plan (specifications + action)

A

Some symptoms
Woken up at night
Can only do some of usual activities
Peak flow between 50-80% of best

Action:
Take extra puffs of reliever meds
Adjust doses of other asthma meds as per MD direction

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26
Q

Red zone asthma action plan (specifications + s/s)

A

Asthma attack - need immediate care
S/S:
- very short of breath
- reliever meds not helping
- can’t do usual activities
- in yellow zone at least 24h
- sx same or getting worse
- PEF is less than 50% of personal best

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27
Q

Action in red zone - asthma action plan

A

safe place/stress free environment
position of comfort/posture of ease
take extra puffs of reliever meds/don’t wait
Use aero-chamber
take a dose of oral steroids meds
O2 if available
Seek care at urgent care facility

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28
Q

When do you call 911/ems for a red zone - asthma (3 criteria)

A

more than 15 min in red zone
cyanotic
hard to walk/talk

29
Q

Can you use an epipen if severe/airway is closing up during an asthma attack?

A

YES, will help with short duration

30
Q

What is the method used if no medication (inhalers) is available during an asthma attack?

A

Coffee (caffeine)
Broncho-dilatory effect may last up to 3-4 hours

31
Q

s/s of opiod overdose

A

unresponsive
breathing laboured, snore-like, ineffective, absent
pupils constricted

32
Q

What medication do you administer right away for opioid response?

A

Naloxone

33
Q

If you’ve administered a dose of naloxone, how much time do you need to wait for the next dose?

A

3 MINUTES and use the left nostril if you used the right before

34
Q

name the 2 types of intramuscular injection device for naloxone

A

vial
ampoule

35
Q

if pulse is present, but no breathing, ventilations + start with ___, progress to ____

A

pocket mask
BVM

36
Q

First 2 breaths are done with a pocket mask, with or without an OPA

A

no OPA

37
Q

Define hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen reaches cells of the body

38
Q

S/S of hypoxia

A

increased respiration and pulse
cyanosis
changes in LOC
restlessness
chest pain

39
Q

3 basic skills that will help in preventing hypoxia

A

Open airway
Provide adequate ventilation
Chest compressions

40
Q

When using a vial for naloxone, at what angle do you insert the syringe with the needle?

A

90-degree angle

41
Q

When using an ampoule for naloxone, at what angle do you need to insert the syringe with the needle?

A

90-degree angle

42
Q

Is pre-hospital hyperventilation recommended? why?

A

No longer, because it has been shown to lower CO2, which causes alkalosis, which prevents transfer of oxygen to the cell

43
Q

What is the state when you have lower CO2

A

Alkalosis

44
Q

Should we hyper-oxygenate patients?

A

No longer recommended

45
Q

T or F: Too little and too much oxygen can be helpful

A

FALSE . CAN BE HARMFUL

46
Q

___ is ideally measured befre O2 administration

A

SpO2

47
Q

Pulse oximeter is now part of what

A

primary ax

48
Q

An oxygen saturation level of at least ___% is considered normal for most healthy individuals

A

95%

49
Q

A chronic prolonged level or ___ or less indicates potential hypoxemia, or deficiency in oxygen reaching tissues in the body

A

92% or less

50
Q

For patients with an acute myocardinal infarction or stroke, do not initiate oxygen therapy in patients with SpO2 ≥ ___

A

90%

51
Q

Target range for the SpO2 administration

A

90-94%

52
Q

Continue O2 admin if SpO2 is less than or equal to ___

A

96%

53
Q

Stop the O2 admin if SpO2 above ___

A

96%

54
Q

For acute stroke or MI - do not start O2 admin if SpO2 at or above ___

A

93%

55
Q

O2 inhalation

A

patient breathing but needs supplemental O2

56
Q

O2 ventilation

A

patient is not breathing, must be given breathes ideally with supplemental O2

57
Q

What devices would you use for O2 inhalation supplementation?

A

Nasal cannula
Non- Re-breather mask

58
Q

Nasal cannula provides what?

A

Provides atmospheric oxygen 21% + 4% for every liter flow (1-6l/min)

59
Q

At what value would you start O2 supplementation with the NRB

A

10L/min

60
Q

up to what value do you put the NRB

A

25L/min

61
Q

Full oxygen cylinder pressure

A

2 000 psi

62
Q

Oxygen should have at least ___ on standby

A

800 psi

63
Q

Change oxygen cylinder at ___

A

500 psi

64
Q

Minimum cylinder pressure remaining to prevent costly maintenance

A

200 psi

65
Q

Purpose of the gasket on O2 tank

A

Prevent leaks

66
Q

Precautions during oxygen delivery

A

Do not operate around flames/sparks
Do not stand cylinder upright
Do not use grease/oil/petroleum products to lubricate
Check oxygen flow before placing delivery device on victim

67
Q

Ideal tank size for sports setting

A

D

68
Q
A

CATA 462 - Advanced e care (13 decks)

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