Chapter 7-10

Question 1

Process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources.

Answer 1

Management

Question 2

Anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives

Answer 2

Planning

Question 3

Designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives

Answer 3

Organizing

Question 4

Creating a vision for the organization and communicating, guiding, training, coaching, and motivating others to achieve goals and objectives in a timely matter

Answer 4

Leading

Question 5

Establishes clear standards to determine whether an organization is progressing toward its goal and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action of not.

Answer 5

Controlling

Question 6

Encompassing application of why the organization existed and where it’s trying to lead. More than a goal

Answer 6

Vision

Question 7

Outline of the fundamental purposes of an organization

Answer 7

Mission statement

Question 8

Broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain

Answer 8

Goals

Question 9

Specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organization’s goals. (Ex: “What do I want to accomplish today?”)

Answer 9

Objectives

Question 10

Planning tool used to analyze an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

Answer 10

SWOT analysis

Question 11

Process of determine the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve these goals

Answer 11

Strategic planning

Question 12

Process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it should be done.

Answer 12

Tactical planning

Question 13

Process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company’s tactical objectives.

Answer 13

Operational Planning

Question 14

Process of preparing alternative courses of action the firm can use if its primary plans don’t work out.

Answer 14

Contingency planning

Question 15

Choosing among two or more alternatives which sounds easier than it is

Answer 15

Decision making

Question 16

Less formal than decision making and usually calls for quicker action to resolve everyday issues

Answer 16

Problem solving

Question 17

Coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas

Answer 17

Brainstorming

Question 18

Listing all pulses for a solution, minutes in another, and implications in a another column

Answer 18

PMI

Question 19

Ability to perform tasks in a specific discipline or department

Answer 19

Technical skills

Question 20

Involve common action and motivation, work through and with people

Answer 20

Human relations skills

Question 21

Ability to picture the organization as a whole and the relationships among the various parts

Answer 21

Conceptual skills

Question 22

Recruiting, hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company’s objectives.

Answer 22

Staffing

Question 23

Finding the right information, keeping the information readily accessible place and making it known to everyone

Answer 23

Knowledge management

Question 24

Presentation of a company’s facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparent to all stakeholders.

Answer 24

Transparency

Question 25

Leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others

Answer 25

Autocratic leadership

Question 26

Consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions

Answer 26

Participative or Democratic leadership

Question 27

Managers setting objectives and employees being free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives

Answer 27

Free-rein leadership

Question 28

Giving workers the education and tools they need to make decisions

Answer 28

Enabling

Question 29

Dealers buy products to sell to others or customers who buy for personal use.

Answer 29

External customers

Question 30

Individuals and units within the firm that receive services from other individuals or units

Answer 30

Internal Customers

Question 31

Companies can reduce heir production costs by purchasing raw materials in bulk

Answer 31

Economies of scale

Question 32

System in which one person is at the top of the organization and there is a rank or sequential ordering from top down of managers

Answer 32

Hierarchy

Question 33

Line of authority that moves from the top of the hierarchy to the lowest level

Answer 33

Chain of command

Question 34

Shows relationships of the workers

Answer 34

Organizational chart

Question 35

Organization with many layers of managers who set rules and regulations and oversees all decisions

Answer 35

Bureaucracy

Question 36

Decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management

Answer 36

Centralized authority

Question 37

Delegates to lower level managers more familiar with local conditions

Answer 37

Decentralized authority

Question 38

Optimal number of subordinates a manager supervised or should supervise

Answer 38

Span of control

Question 39

Pyramidal organization chart that is quite tall because of various levels of management

Answer 39

Tall organization structure

Question 40

Few layers of management and a broad span of control

Answer 40

Flat organizational structures

Question 41

Dividing organizational functions into separate units.( function-design, production, marketing and accounting )

Answer 41

Departmentalization

Question 42

Direct two way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to one supervisor

Answer 42

Line organization

Question 43

Employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals

Answer 43

Line personnel

Question 44

Employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals

Answer 44

Staff personnel

Question 45

Specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain as a line staff structure

Answer 45

Matrix organization

Question 46

Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long term basis

Answer 46

Cross functional self managed teams

Question 47

Using communications technology and other means to link organizations and allow them to work together on common objectives

Answer 47

Networking

Question 48

Temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firms that join and leave as needed

Answer 48

Virtual corporation

Question 49

Comparing an organization’s practices, processes, and products, against the world’s best

Answer 49

Benchmarking

Question 50

Functions it can do as well as or better than any other organization’s in the world. (Ex: Nike designing and marketing)

Answer 50

Core competencies

Question 51

Young people who have grown up using the internet and social networking

Answer 51

Digital natives

Question 52

Redesigning an organization so it can more effectively and efficiently serve its customers

Answer 52

Reconstructing

Question 53

Contact people at the top and chief executive officer at the bottom of the organization

Answer 53

Inverted organization

Question 54

Widely shared values within an organization that provide unity and cooperation to achieve common goals

Answer 54

Organizational or cooperate culture

Question 55

Details lines of responsibility, authority, and position; show. On organizational charts

Answer 55

Formal organization

Question 56

Develops spontaneously as employees meet and form cliques, relationships, and lines of authority outside formal organization

Answer 56

Informal organization

Question 57

Creation of finished goods and services using the factors of production, land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge to produce outputs

Answer 57

Production

Question 58

Describe management activities that helped firms create goods

Answer 58

Production management

Question 59

Specialized are in management that converts or transforms resources into goods and services

Answer 59

Operations management

Question 60

Value producers add to materials in the creation of finished goods and services

Answer 60

Form utility

Question 61

Physically or chemically changes materiels

Answer 61

Process manufacturing

Question 62

Puts together components to make the product

Answer 62

Assembly process

Question 63

Long production runs turn out finished goods over time

Answer 63

Continuous process

Question 64

Production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products

Answer 64

Intermittent process

Question 65

Designing machines to do multiple tasks so they can produce a variety of products

Answer 65

Flexible manufacturing

Question 66

Production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production; less human, less manufacturing, space, less investment in tools, and less engineering time

Answer 66

Lean manufacturing

Question 67

Tailoring products to meet the needs of individual customers

Answer 67

Mass customization

Question 68

Process of selecting a geographical location for a company’s operations

Answer 68

Facility location

Question 69

Working from home via computer

Answer 69

Telecommuting

Question 70

Physical arrangement of resources, including people, to most efficiently produce goods and provide services for customers

Answer 70

Facility layout

Question 71

Computer based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make some needed part and materials are available at the right time and place

Answer 71

Materials requirement planning (MRP)

Question 72

Newer version of MRP, combines computerized functions of all divisions and subsidiaries of the firm such as finance, Human Resources, and other fulfillment into a single integrated software program that uses a single database

Answer 72

Enterprise resource planning

Question 73

Function in a firm that searches for high quality material resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for goods and services

Answer 73

Purchasing

Question 74

Minimum of inventory on the premises and deliver parts, supplies, and other needs just in time to go on the assembly line.

Answer 74

Just in time inventory control

Question 75

Consistently producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery to the customers

Answer 75

Quality

Question 76

Sets a benchmark of just 3.4 defects per million opportunities.

Answer 76

Six sigma quality

Question 77

Process some managers use to continually monitor all phases of the production process and ensure quality is being built into the product from the beginning

Answer 77

Statistical quality control SQC

Question 78

Common name given to quality management and assurance standards

Answer 78

ISO 9000

Question 79

Collection of the best practices for managing an organization’s impact in the environment

Answer 79

ISO 14000

Question 80

Method for analyzing tasks involved in completing a given project, estimation the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project.

Answer 80

Program evaluation and review techniques PERT

Question 81

Sequence of tasks that takes the longest time to complete

Answer 81

Critical path

Question 82

Bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at any given time

Answer 82

Gantt Chart

Question 83

Personal satisfaction to feel when you perform well and complete goals

Answer 83

Intrinsic Reward

Question 84

Given to you by someone else as recognition for good work

Answer 84

Extrinsic award

Question 85

Studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques

Answer 85

Scientific management

Question 86

Begun by Fredrick Taylor, of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task

Answer 86

Tone motion studies

Question 87

Theory developed by frank and Lilian Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions

Answer 87

Principal of motion economy

Question 88

Tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied

Answer 88

Hawthorne effect

Question 89

Herzberg’s theory of motivating factors, job factors that cause employees to be productive and that gives them satisfaction

Answer 89

Motivators

Question 90

Herzberg’s theory of motivating factors, job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased

Answer 90

Hygiene factors

Question 91

Setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback, and if conditions in the organization pave the way for achievement

Answer 91

Goal setting theory

Question 92

System of goal setting and implementation; it invokes a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle level managers, supervisors, and employees

Answer 92

Management by objective MBO

Question 93

Victor vroom’s theory that the amount of effort employees exert in a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome

Answer 93

Expectancy theory

Question 94

Skinners theory from 1948, positive and negative reinforcers motivate a person to behave in certain ways

Answer 94

Reinforcement theory

Question 95

Trying to stop behavior by not responding

Answer 95

Extinction

Question 96

Idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions

Answer 96

Equity theory

Question 97

Motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself

Answer 97

Job enrichment

Question 98

Job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment

Answer 98

Job enlargement

Question 99

Job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another

Answer 99

Job rotation