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Pearson Science • Year 9 Sem 2 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Diffusion (7.1)

A

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration

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2
Q

Receptors (7.1/7.3)

A

Cells that receive stimuli and pass it onto the modulator

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3
Q

What are the chemical processes that maintain life? (7.1)

A

Metabolism

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4
Q

What is the reaction that releases energy from glucose? (7.1)

A

Cellular Respiration

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5
Q

What is the name of the reaction that breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules? (7.1)

A

Anabolic Reaction

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6
Q

(7.1) Carbohydrates are broken down by the body into:

A

Glucose

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7
Q

(7.1) Protein is broken down by the body into:

A

Amino Acids

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8
Q

(7.1) Lipids are broken down by the body into:

A

Fatty Acids, Glycerol

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9
Q

Why do complex molecules need to be broken down into simpler molecules to be digested? (7.1)

A

The molecules become thin enough to be absorbed and to fit through the villi lining in your small intestine.

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10
Q

How does villi make the small intestine more effective? (7.1)

A

Because of how small they are, it means that diffusion paths are limited, increasing surface area.

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11
Q

How thick is a villus? (villi singular) (7.1)

A

1 cell thick (4-10µm)

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12
Q

What does PNS stand for? (7.2)

A

Peripheral Nervous System.

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13
Q

What does the PNS do? (7.2)

A

• Carries sensory information (except visual information)
• Carries motor commands to voluntary muscles.

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14
Q

What is the layer of insulation surrounding nerves called? (7.2)

A

Myelin

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15
Q

What does CNS stand for? (7.2)

A

Central Nervous System

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16
Q

What is the space between neurons called? (7.2)

A

Synapse

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17
Q

What are the two parts of the CNS? (7.2)

A

The brain and the spinal cord.

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18
Q

What does the CNS do? (7.2)

A

It controls most body functions, e.g. 5 senses.

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19
Q

What type of activity does the right side of the brain have control over? (7.2)

A

Attention, Shape/Pattern Processing & Emotions.

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20
Q

How does a reflex work? (7.2)

A

A reflex action bypasses the brain and goes directly to a nervous pathway called the reflex arc.

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21
Q

Stimulus Response Model (7.2) (Reveal Answer)

A

diagram here of picking up a glass of water: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/stimulus-response_med.jpeg

22
Q

Reflex Arc Model (7.2) (Reveal Answer)

A

diagram here: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/reflex-pathway_med.jpeg

23
Q

Stimulus (7.2)

A

Something that evokes a functional reaction.

24
Q

Modulator (7.2)

A

The organ that receives the sensory information from the receptor. and passes it onto the effector.

25
Q

Effector (7.3)

A

The organ that recieves the modulator’s instructions.

26
Q

Sensory Neuron (7.2)

A

Nerve cells that are activated by sensory input.

27
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Neurons that execute motor commands.

28
Q

Why is severe damage to the neck often fatal? (7.2)

A

Because it can partially, if not totally, sever the connection between the other organs and the brain via the spinal cord

29
Q

Endocrine System (7.3)

A

A system in charge of internal temperature regulation. (literally a thermostat)

30
Q

Hormone (7.3)

A

Chemical substances that act as messengers in the body.

31
Q

What are hormones produced by? (7.3)

A

Endocrine Glands.

32
Q

Endothermic (7.3)

A

An animal capable of internal heat generation.

33
Q

Which term describes an animal that can’t keep a constant internal temperature?

A

Exothermic; cold-blooded.

34
Q

What are the type of cells that respond to hormones? (7.3)

A

Target cells

35
Q

(7.3) The process of maintaining a constant body temperature is:

A

Thermoregulation.

36
Q

What’s the actual name of the ‘master gland’? (7.3)

A

Pituary gland.

37
Q

Pituary Gland (7.3)

A

Produces and releases several hormones that carry out functions like Metabolism and Growth.

38
Q

Which 3 functions in your body are regulated by hormones? (7.3)

A

Growth, repair and reproduction.

39
Q

What is the relationship between hormones and the endocrine system? (7.3)

A

The endocrine system regulates how much of each homone is released.

40
Q

Homeostasis (7.3)

A

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining stable body conditions necessary for survival.

41
Q

Hypothalamus (7.3)

A

Keeps your body in a stable state called homeostasis, and manages hormones.

42
Q

Why can the hypothalamus be thought of as part of both the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

Because it bridges the both of them together.

43
Q

Why is sweating an efficient way to lose heat?

A

Becuase as the sweat evaporates, it evaporates with your surface heat.

44
Q

What are two involuntary reactions that keep your body temperature constant?

A

Sweating and Shivering.

45
Q

Which involuntary reaction prevents your body temperature from falling?

A

Shivering

46
Q

Explain why cellular respiration is vital? (7.1)

A

Becuase with the energy released, It can be used for many other metabolic processes.

47
Q

Cellular Respiration Word Equation

A

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

48
Q

Where does cellular respiration take place? (7.1)

A

The mitochondria.

49
Q

Somatic Reactions

A

A voluntary action, e.g. casually walking

50
Q

Autonomic Reactions

A

Involuntary actions, e.g. breathing.

Pearson Science • Year 9 Sem 2 (3 decks)

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