Chapter 7

Question 1

Diffusion (7.1)

Answer 1

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration

Question 2

Receptors (7.1/7.3)

Answer 2

Cells that receive stimuli and pass it onto the modulator

Question 3

What are the chemical processes that maintain life? (7.1)

Answer 3

Metabolism

Question 4

What is the reaction that releases energy from glucose? (7.1)

Answer 4

Cellular Respiration

Question 5

What is the name of the reaction that breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules? (7.1)

Answer 5

Anabolic Reaction

Question 6

(7.1) Carbohydrates are broken down by the body into:

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

(7.1) Protein is broken down by the body into:

Answer 7

Amino Acids

Question 8

(7.1) Lipids are broken down by the body into:

Answer 8

Fatty Acids, Glycerol

Question 9

Why do complex molecules need to be broken down into simpler molecules to be digested? (7.1)

Answer 9

The molecules become thin enough to be absorbed and to fit through the villi lining in your small intestine.

Question 10

How does villi make the small intestine more effective? (7.1)

Answer 10

Because of how small they are, it means that diffusion paths are limited, increasing surface area.

Question 11

How thick is a villus? (villi singular) (7.1)

Answer 11

1 cell thick (4-10µm)

Question 12

What does PNS stand for? (7.2)

Answer 12

Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 13

What does the PNS do? (7.2)

Answer 13

• Carries sensory information (except visual information)
• Carries motor commands to voluntary muscles.

Question 14

What is the layer of insulation surrounding nerves called? (7.2)

Answer 14

Myelin

Question 15

What does CNS stand for? (7.2)

Answer 15

Central Nervous System

Question 16

What is the space between neurons called? (7.2)

Answer 16

Synapse

Question 17

What are the two parts of the CNS? (7.2)

Answer 17

The brain and the spinal cord.

Question 18

What does the CNS do? (7.2)

Answer 18

It controls most body functions, e.g. 5 senses.

Question 19

What type of activity does the right side of the brain have control over? (7.2)

Answer 19

Attention, Shape/Pattern Processing & Emotions.

Question 20

How does a reflex work? (7.2)

Answer 20

A reflex action bypasses the brain and goes directly to a nervous pathway called the reflex arc.

Question 21

Stimulus Response Model (7.2) (Reveal Answer)

Answer 21

diagram here of picking up a glass of water: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/stimulus-response_med.jpeg

Question 22

Reflex Arc Model (7.2) (Reveal Answer)

Answer 22

diagram here: https://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/reflex-pathway_med.jpeg

Question 23

Stimulus (7.2)

Answer 23

Something that evokes a functional reaction.

Question 24

Modulator (7.2)

Answer 24

The organ that receives the sensory information from the receptor. and passes it onto the effector.

Question 25

Effector (7.3)

Answer 25

The organ that recieves the modulator's instructions.

Question 26

Sensory Neuron (7.2)

Answer 26

Nerve cells that are activated by sensory input.

Question 27

Motor Neuron

Answer 27

Neurons that execute motor commands.

Question 28

Why is severe damage to the neck often fatal? (7.2)

Answer 28

Because it can partially, if not totally, sever the connection between the other organs and the brain via the spinal cord

Question 29

Endocrine System (7.3)

Answer 29

A system in charge of internal temperature regulation. (literally a thermostat)

Question 30

Hormone (7.3)

Answer 30

Chemical substances that act as messengers in the body.

Question 31

What are hormones produced by? (7.3)

Answer 31

Endocrine Glands.

Question 32

Endothermic (7.3)

Answer 32

An animal capable of internal heat generation.

Question 33

Which term describes an animal that can't keep a constant internal temperature?

Answer 33

Exothermic; cold-blooded.

Question 34

What are the type of cells that respond to hormones? (7.3)

Answer 34

Target cells

Question 35

(7.3) The process of maintaining a constant body temperature is:

Answer 35

Thermoregulation.

Question 36

What's the actual name of the 'master gland'? (7.3)

Answer 36

Pituary gland.

Question 37

Pituary Gland (7.3)

Answer 37

Produces and releases several hormones that carry out functions like Metabolism and Growth.

Question 38

Which 3 functions in your body are regulated by hormones? (7.3)

Answer 38

Growth, repair and reproduction.

Question 39

What is the relationship between hormones and the endocrine system? (7.3)

Answer 39

The endocrine system regulates how much of each homone is released.

Question 40

Homeostasis (7.3)

Answer 40

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining stable body conditions necessary for survival.

Question 41

Hypothalamus (7.3)

Answer 41

Keeps your body in a stable state called homeostasis, and manages hormones.

Question 42

Why can the hypothalamus be thought of as part of both the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Answer 42

Because it bridges the both of them together.

Question 43

Why is sweating an efficient way to lose heat?

Answer 43

Becuase as the sweat evaporates, it evaporates with your surface heat.

Question 44

What are two involuntary reactions that keep your body temperature constant?

Answer 44

Sweating and Shivering.

Question 45

Which involuntary reaction prevents your body temperature from falling?

Answer 45

Shivering

Question 46

Explain why cellular respiration is vital? (7.1)

Answer 46

Becuase with the energy released, It can be used for many other metabolic processes.

Question 47

Cellular Respiration Word Equation

Answer 47

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

Question 48

Where does cellular respiration take place? (7.1)

Answer 48

The mitochondria.

Question 49

Somatic Reactions

Answer 49

A voluntary action, e.g. casually walking

Question 50

Autonomic Reactions

Answer 50

Involuntary actions, e.g. breathing.